Figure.1. HFD feeding for 1 wk causes anxiety-like behaviors and impaired memory.

Wild type mice were fed a LFD or HFD for 1 or 3 wks. (A) Burrowing behavior was measured for 30 min. Results are expressed as amount of material removed from the burrow, means ± SEM; n = 8–11. *P ≤ 0.01, **P ≤ 0.03. (B) Voluntary wheel running was measured for 24 h. Results are expressed as wheel turns, means ± SEM; n = 16. *P ≤ 0.001. (C) Exploration of an elevated zero maze was measured for 5 min. Results are expressed as time spent in the open areas of the maze, means ± SEM; n = 15–16. *P ≤ 0.05. (D) Movement during the forced swim test was measured for 5 min. Results are expressed as time spent immobile, means ± SEM; n = 16. *P ≤ 0.02. (E) Exploration of a familiar and novel object were measured for 5 min. Results are expressed as % investigation of the novel object compared to the familiar object, means ± SEM; n = 16. *P ≤ 0.001. (F) Exploration in a Y maze was measured for 5 min. Results are expressed as perfect alternation, means ± SEM; n = 16. *P ≤ 0.02.