Figure 10.

Activities of the shoulder-, elbow-, and wrist/paw-related cells in the thalamo-cortical network during ladder locomotion. (A,D,G) Activity of neurons responsive to movements in the shoulder joint, and/or palpation of back, chest, or neck muscles in the MC (A), VL (D), and RE (G). (A1,D1,G1) Phase distribution of PEFs. (A2,D2,G2) Corresponding phase distribution of discharge frequencies. The average discharge frequency in each 1/20^th portion of the cycle is color-coded according to the scale shown at the bottom. (A3,D3,G3) Proportion of active neurons (neurons in their PEFs) in different phases of the step cycle. (A4,D4,G4) The mean discharge rate. Thin lines show SEM. Vertical interrupted lines denote end of swing and beginning of stance phase. (B,E,H) Activity of neurons responsive to passive movement of the elbow joint in the MC (B), VL (E), and RE (H). (C,F,I) Activity of neurons responsive to stimulation of the paw or movement in the wrist joint in the MC (C), VL (F), and RE (I). (Data on the activity of PTNs, VL, and RE neurons are adapted with modifications from Stout and Beloozerova, 2012; Marlinski et al., 2012a,b, respectively).