Fig. 3. Korean red ginseng (KRG)-induced inward currents are not mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor activation. (A) Representative trace showing inward current induced by KRG application (3 mg/mL) and KRG in the presence of d,l-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), an NMDA receptor antagonist. (B) Relative response of KRG in the presence of AP5 compared to KRG alone (n=5). (C) Representative trace showing inward current induced by glutamate (Glu, 100 μM) and glutamate in the presence of AP5. (D) Relative response of glutamate in the presence of AP5 (20 μM) compared to glutamate alone (n=3). NS, not significant. *p<0.05.