Fig. 3. Effects of Korean red ginseng extract (RGE) on fibrogenic gene expressions. Realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was assessed to investigate mRNA level of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) (A) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) (B) in the liver. Data represent the mean±SD of 5 mice (significant compared to vehicle-treated group, **p<0.01; significant compared to carbon tetrachloride [CCl4]-treated group, #p<0.05 or ##p<0.01). The effect of RGE on TGFβ1-induced TGFβ1 (C) and PAI-1 (D) expressions in LX-2 cells was also monitored by realtime PCR analysis. Data represent the mean±SD of three separated experiments (significant compared to vehicle-treated cells, **p<0.01; significant compared to TGFβ1-treated cells, #p<0.05 or ##p<0.01).
