Effect of hypoxia on G47Δ replication and late herpes simplex virus gene expression in glioblastoma stem-like cells. (A): G47Δ (MOI = 1.5) replicates in GBM4 (left panel), GBM6 (middle panel), and GBM8 (right panel) in the hypoxic condition (1% O2; black bars), as compared with normoxia (white bars). (B): Virus yield in GBM4 cells did not vary with timing of hypoxia: incubated in normoxia for 1 hour after infection and then cultured in hypoxia for 48 hours (left panel) or preincubated in hypoxia for 24 hours before infection and then incubated for 48 hours after infection (right panel). (C): G47Δ virus yield in 4FCS (left panel) and 8FCS (right panel) cells, in hypoxia (black bars) compared with normoxia (white bars). (D): Luciferase activity in GBM4 (left panel), GBM6 (middle panel), and GBM8 (right panel) cells infected with G47ΔUs11fluc (MOI = 1) in hypoxia (black bars) and normoxia (white bars). The error bars represent standard deviations. ∗, p < .05; ∗∗, p < .01. Abbreviations: FCS, fetal calf serum; GBM, glioblastoma; MOI, multiplicity of infection.