G93A SOD1-overexpressing human ESC (hESC)-derived astrocyte supernatant-induced sMN death. (A): Experimental procedures to analyze the effect of astrocyte-CM on sMN cell death. (B): Immunocytochemical staining of astrocyte-CM-treated sMNs from either WT SOD1 or G93A SOD1-overexpressing hESCs. (C, D): Quantitative analysis of TUNEL-positive dead cells (C) and HB9/TUNEL-double-positive dead sMNs (D). Mean ± SEM; n = 9; Steel-Dwass test; ∗∗, p < .01. Abbreviations: AS CM, astrocyte-conditioned medium; CM, conditioned medium; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DIV, days in vitro; sMN, spinal motor neuron; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling; WT, wild-type.