Effect of lithium and Am80 treatment on neurogenesis following brain-focused irradiation. (A): Immunohistochemistry for DCX, a marker for neuroblasts, was used to assess the effect of drug treatment on neurogenesis. (B): Quantitation showed that DCX+ cells were significantly decreased by cranial irradiation when assessed after 4 weeks, whereas lithium treatment for 4 weeks after radiation significantly increased DCX+ cell number compared with irradiated mice but did not revert to control levels. Am80 did not have any significant effect on DCX+ cell number, and concomitant administration with lithium did not produce any additive effect. Scale bars = 100 μm. The data shown are the means ± SEM. *, p < .05; **, p < .01; ***, p < .001. Abbreviations: IR, irradiation; Dcx or DCX, doublecortin.