Table 1.
| HIV-1 Elite Controllers (n=10) | Chronic HIV-1 (n=103) | HIV-negative (n=49) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (yrs) | 52.2 ± 5.1a,b | 49.1 ± 5.0 | 48.2 ± 4.5 | 0.06 |
| Gender (%male) | 80% | 69% | 67% | 0.71 |
| Duration since HIV Diagnosis (yrs) | 17.8 ± 9.1 | 14.8 ± 6.2 | N/A | 0.16 |
| Currently on ART (%) | 0% | 100% | N/A | N/A |
| Duration of ART (yrs) | 0 ± 0 | 8.5 ± 4.4 | N/A | N/A |
| Percent on PI | 0% | 55% | N/A | N/A |
| Duration of PI (yrs) | 0 ± 0 | 4.4 ± 4.5 | N/A | N/A |
| Percent on NRTI | 0% | 95% | N/A | N/A |
| Duration of NRTI (yrs) | 0 ± 0 | 8.2 ± 4.5 | N/A | N/A |
| Percent on NNRTI | 0% | 39% | N/A | N/A |
| Duration of NNRTI (yrs) | 0 ± 0 | 3.0 ± 4.0 | N/A | N/A |
| CD4+ count (cells/μL) | 934 ± 513 | 571 ± 281 | N/A | 0.0005 |
| Nadir CD4+ count (cells/μL) | 582 ± 372 | 186 ±160 | N/A | < 0.0001 |
| HIV Viral load (copies/mL) | <48 [<48, <48] | <50 [<50, <50] | N/A | 0.006* |
| Undetectable VL (%) | 100% | 100% | N/A | N/A |
| CMV IgG Ab Test (% positive) | 89% | 92%a | 71% | 0.004 |
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 5.1 | 27.1 ± 4.7 | 27.8 ± 4.8 | 0.44 |
| Framingham risk score (total points) | 10.7 ± 3.5 | 9.6 ± 3.0 | 9.0 ± 4.0 | 0.34 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 182 ± 50 | 185 ± 41 | 182 ± 37 | 0.85 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 110 ± 66 | 143 ± 122 | 111 ± 68 | 0.18 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 54 ± 15 | 54 ± 18 | 51 ± 13 | 0.55 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 106 ± 44 | 103 ± 31 | 109 ± 31 | 0.55 |
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) | 92 ± 19 | 94 ± 29 | 88 ± 12 | 0.45 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 119 ± 13 | 121 ± 14 | 117 ± 15 | 0.36 |
| WHR | 0.95 ± 0.05 | 0.95 ± 0.07 | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 0.66 |
| HTN (% prevalence) | 30% | 26% | 16% | 0.37 |
| Diabetes (% prevalence) | 10% | 12% | 4% | 0.26 |
| Statin Use (% prevalence) | 10% | 21%a | 6% | 0.11 |
| Current Smoker (% prevalence) | 40% | 42% | 41% | 0.98 |
| CT Angiography and Coronary Artery Calcium† | ||||
| Presence of coronary plaque (% prevalence) | 78%a | 60%a | 42% | 0.049 |
| Total Plaque Segments | 2.5 [0.3, 5.8] | 1 [0, 3] | 0 [0, 3] | 0.14* |
| Calcium Score | 16 [0, 96] | 0 [0, 16] | 0 [0, 30] | 0.15* |
| Calcium Score >0 (% prevalence) | 70% | 41% | 34% | 0.11 |
| Non-Calcified Segments | 0.5 [0, 2] | 0 [0, 2]a | 0 [0, 1] | 0.07* |
| Mixed Calcified and Non-Calcified Segments | 1 [0, 2.8] | 0 [0, 1] | 0 [0, 2] | 0.27* |
| Calcified Segments | 0 [0, 1] | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 0] | 0.27* |
| Stenosis >50% (% prevalence) | 25% | 11% | 6% | 0.35 |
| Markers of Inflammation and Immune Activation | ||||
| sCD163 (ng/mL) | 2841 [1722, 3427]a,b | 1247 [829, 1883]a | 847 [624, 1230] | 0.0002* |
| sCD14 (ng/mL) | 1530 [499, 1919]a | 416 [218, 1614]a | 241 [134, 395] | 0.001* |
| hsIL6 (pg/mL) | 1.74 [0.99, 6.33]a | 1.05 [0.73, 1.65] | 0.93 [0.55, 1.57] | 0.13* |
| CXCL10 (pg/mL) | 197 [173, 498]a | 132 [100, 267] | 109 [80, 175] | 0.04* |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 0.4 [0.3, 2.4] | 1.4 [0.6, 3.9] | 1.2 [0.5, 3.1] | 0.25* |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 319 [179, 452] | 267 [200, 366] | 232 [192, 286] | 0.25* |
| %CD14+CD16+ monocytes | 31.7 [12.8, 36.1] | 18.3 [12.6, 29.9] | 16.0 [9.3, 24.4] | 0.24* |
| %CD38+HLA-DR+CD4 cells | 0.9 [0.8, 1.7]a | 1.2 [0.9, 1.9]a | 0.6 [0.5, 0.7] | < 0.0001* |
| %CD38+HLA-DR+CD8 cells | 4.3 [1.8, 13.1] | 1.9 [1.2, 4.2] | 3.4 [2.1, 8.5] | 0.10* |
*
Nonparametric Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis Test
a
P < 0.05 vs HIV-negative
b
P < 0.05 vs Chronic HIV-1 treated
†
For one HIV-1 elite controller, only calcium score was measured. Presence of coronary plaque could not be excluded. Measurements of coronary segments with plaque in table were obtained from 9 total HIV-1 elite controllers.
Mean ± SD for normally distributed parameters
Median [IQR] for non-normally distributed parameters
CXCL10 data were available in 56 participants (9 HIV-1 Elite controllers, 33 Chronic HIV-1, 14 HIV-negative)