Primary mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures were treated with DEP (50µg/ml), DEP extract (eDEP, from 50µg/ml DEP), and carbon black (ufCB, 50 µg/ml). (A) Dopaminergic (DA) neuron function was measured in neuron-glia cultures 7–9 d after treatment with the [3H] DA uptake assay. Samples were run in triplicates and the data are the result of 5 independent experiments (n=5). Results are expressed as percent of control and are the mean ± SEM. The raw data (counts per second) for control values range from 8686– 5129 across experimental replicates. An asterisks indicates a significant difference from control (1 Way ANOVA, p<0.05). (B) Cultures were treated for 7–9 days and stained with the TH antibody. Dopaminergic neuron damage in response to the DEP components is depicted by shorter processes and fewer processes connecting the neurons. Representative images from the culture are shown from three independent experiments (n=3). Images were taken at 100× and the scale bar depicts 100µM.