Table 1.

Studies of sleep duration and all-cause mortality, arranged first by sleep measure and then alphabetically by cohort name.

Cohort name	Country	Age Range (Years)	Study Population	Year(s) Sleep Data Collected	Follow-Up (Years)b	Cohort Size (N)	Reference
Survey Sleep Measure: Nighttime Sleep a
American Cancer Society (ACS)	USA	30-90+	Individuals enrolled from 25 states in the U.S. via ACS volunteers	1959-60	2	1,064,004	Hammond 1964b [2]
					6	823,065	Kripke et al. 1979c [5]
Cancer Prevention Study II	USA	30-102	Friends and relatives of American Cancer Society volunteers	1982	6	1,116,936	Kripke et al. 2002 [3]
Dalarna County postal survey	Sweden	45-65	Random sample of adults living in the County of Dalarna	1983	12	1,870	Mallon et al. 2002 [8]
Elderly cohort	USA	65-98	Representative sample of elderly residents in an urban community	1984-5	3.5	1,855	Pollak et al. 1990 [10]
FINRISK Surveys	Finland	25-64	Representative population-based sample of North Karelia and Kuopio residents	1972, 1977	35	23,290	Kronholm et al. 2011 [11]
Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer	Japan	40-79	Attendees of screening programs in 45 areas	1988-90	Mean=9.9	104,010	Tamakoshi & Ohno 2004b [19]
					NR	NR	Suzuki et al. 2007b [20]
					Median=14.3	98,634	Ikehara et al. 2009c [21]
Massachusetts Health Care Panel Study	USA	66-98	Probability sample of the non-institutionalized elders in Massachusetts	1976	5	1,235	Branch and Jette 1984 [24]
Miyagi Prefecture survey	Japan	≥40	Residents of a rural town in Miyagi prefecture	1988	4	4,318	Tsubono et al. 1993 [25]
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I	USA	32-86	Probability sample of the civilian adult noninstitutionalized population	1982-4	10	7,844	Qureshi et al. 1997b [42]
					8-10	9,789	Gangwisch et al. 2008c [26]
Rancho Bernardo Study	USA	60-96	Community-dwelling residents from Rancho Bernardo, CA	1984-7	19	2,001	Jung et al. 2012 [98]
Whitehall II Cohort	UK	35-55	White-collar British civil servants	1985-8	Mean=17.1	10,308	Ferrie et al. 2007 [35]
Survey Sleep Measure: 24-HOur Sleep a
Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)	China	65-100+	Representative sample of elderly population in Mainland China	2005	3	12,671	Qiu et al. 2011 [97]
Finnish Twin Cohort	Finland	24-101	All Finnish twin pairs of the same sex born before 1958 with both co-twins alive in 1975	1975, 1981	21	21,268	Hublin et al. 2007 [1]
Health Interview Study of Barcelona (HISB)	Spain	≥65	Random sample of non-institutionalized individuals in Barcelona	1986	5	1,219	Ruigomez et al. 1995 [14]
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)	USA	≥18	Nationally representative sample of adults in the USA	1990	16	38,891	Krueger et al. 2011 [115]
Nurses’ Health Study	USA	40-65	Female health professionals	1986	14	82,969	Patel et al. 2004 [29]
Ohsaki Cohort Study	Japan	40-79	National Health Insurance beneficiaries	1994	Mean=10.8	49,236	Kakizaki et al. 2012 [116]
Scottish working cohort	Scotland	<60 females; <65 males	Employees of a variety of workplaces in the west of Scotland	1970-3; 1977	25	6,797	Heslop et al. 2002 [30]
Shizuoka Study	Japan	65-85	Population-based cohort study in the Shizuoka prefecture	1999	6	11,395	Suzuki et al. 2009 [31]
Spanish cohort	Spain	≥60	Probability sample of non-institutionalized persons representative of Spanish population	2000-1	Mean=6.8	3,820	Mesas et al. 2010 [32]
Study of Osteoporotic Fractures	USA	≥69	Population-based cohort of ambulatory, community-dwelling women	1993-4	Mean=6.9	8,101	Stone et al. 2009 [33]
Survey Sleep Measure: Bedtime and Waking Time a
Bambui Health and Ageing Study	Brazil	≥60	Residents of Bambui city	1997	9	1,512	Castro-Costa et al. 2011 [6]
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Aging Study	Israel	75-94	Random sample of older Jewish population in Israel	1989-92	20	1,166	Cohen-Mansfield et al. 2012 [99]
Department of Health and Social Security Survey	UK	≥65	Random sample of older adults living in eight areas of Great Britain	1973-4	23	862	Gale & Martyn 1998 [9]
Gifu Prefecture cohort study	Japan	20-67	Residents of Shirakawa town who attended health examinations	1982-6	Mean=11.9	5,322	Kojima et al. 2000 [12]
Jichi Medical School Cohort Study	Japan	19-93	Population-based study in 12 rural areas	1992-5	Mean=8.2	11,325	Amagai et al. 2004 [22]
Kiryat Yovel Community Health Study	Israel	≥50	Population-based study of residents of a West Jerusalem community	1985-7	9-11	1,842	Burazeri et al. 2003 [23]
Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan	Taiwan	≥64	Probability sample of the elderly population of Taiwan	1993	10	3,079	Lan et al. 2007 [34]
Survey Sleep Measure: Not Clearly Specified a
Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort Study	Taiwan	≥35	Ethnic Chinese residents of Chin-Shan township	1990-1	Median=15.9	3,430	Chien et al. 2010 [7]
Health and Lifestyle Survey	UK	≥18	Representative sample of the British non- institutionalized population	1984-5	7	6,096	Huppert & Whittington 1995 [13]
Human Population Laboratory (Alameda County study)	USA	<45-75+	Probability sample of non-institutionalized adult residents of Alameda County, California	1965	5.5	6,928	Belloc 1973b [15]
		30-69		1965	9	4,713	Wingard & Berkman 1983b [17]
		<45-75+		1965	9.5	6,928	Breslow & Enstrom 1980b [16]
		38-94		1965	17	4,174	Kaplan et al. 1987c [18]
Nottingham Longitudinal Study of Activity and Ageing	UK	>65	Randomly selected older community residents	1985	5	1,042	Rumble and Morgan 1992 [28]
Polysomnography [27, 36] and Wrist Actigraphy [4] a
NIH-funded protocols	USA	≥50	Healthy elders who underwent polysomnography at University of Pittsburgh’s sleep center	1981-1997	4.1-19.5	184	Dew et al. 2003 [27]
Penn State Cohort	USA	≥20	Probability sample of adults from central Pennsylvania	NR	14 (males); 10(females)	1,741	Vgontzas et al. 2010 [36]
Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study	USA	50-81	Subsample from WHI San Diego site structured to over-represent women reporting sleep durations of ≤6 hrs or ≥8 hrs	1995-9	Mean=10.5	444	Kripke et al. 2011 [4]

^aSleep measure types are described in detail in the “Sleep measurement” component of the Results section.

^bStudy included for completeness, but not included in the results table (Table 2) given multiple publications on the same study population.

^cStudy relied upon in results table (Table 2) given multiple publications on same study population.

NR indicates “not reported.”