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. 2013 May 21;8(5):e62617. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062617

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© 2013 Konieczna et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Flow cytometric assessment of LP and MLN revealed that B. infantis feeding is associated with increased CD103⁺RALDH⁺ dendritic cells within the LP (n = 7), compared to the control group (n = 8), analysed using unpaired student t-tests (a). Citral blocked the increase in LP CD103⁺RALDH⁺ dendritic cells (n = 7). (b) Multispectral flow cytometry imaging identified CD103⁺ dendritic cells that efficiently bind CFSE-labelled B. infantis. (c) Flow cytometric analysis of CD11c⁺MHCII⁺CD103⁺ dendritic cells from the mucosa demonstrated that approximately 38% of CD103⁺ dendritic cells bound B. infantis. Isolated mucosal CD11c⁺ dendritic cells upregulate mRNA for RALDH enzymes following in vitro incubation with B. infantis (d), while the increase in gene expression is specific to CD103⁺ dendritic cells (e).