Table 3.
Distribution of excess deaths in people with mental illness (percentage), by cause of death, sex, and primary psychiatric diagnosis
| Causes of death | Primary psychiatric diagnoses | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All disorders | Alcohol or drug disorders | Schizophrenia | Affective psychosis | Other psychoses | Neurotic disorders | Stress or adjustment reaction | Depressive disorder | Other mental disorder | |
| Males | |||||||||
| Total No of deaths | 8064 | 2142 | 1218 | 795 | 1457 | 511 | 487 | 1027 | 427 |
| Expected No of deaths | 3133 | 526 | 398 | 419 | 479 | 287 | 289 | 470 | 265 |
| Distribution of excess deaths by cause: | |||||||||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 14.4 | 13.7 | 16.2 | 16.0 | 13.4 | 24.7 | 4.2 | 15.8 | 6.1 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 5.7 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 2.2 | 11.0 | 6.8 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 2.5 |
| Other heart disease | 6.1 | 4.8 | 9.1 | 3.0 | 8.1 | 6.8 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 3.6 |
| Malignant neoplasms | 13.6 | 17.0 | 8.9 | 1.7 | 17.9 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 15.9 | 0.0 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 6.4 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 8.5 | 2.2 | 9.8 | 5.0 |
| Influenza and pneumonia | 3.6 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.4 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.9 | 0.7 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 4.1 |
| HIV | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
| Chronic liver disease or cirrhosis | 5.3 | 12.2 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 3.3 | 0.2 |
| Kidney disease | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| Dementia | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
| Alzheimer’s disease | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Other | 15.3 | 18.2 | 11.8 | 10.2 | 17.4 | 11.0 | 8.9 | 14.1 | 19.1 |
| Suicide | 16.6 | 6.1 | 19.8 | 46.4 | 5.3 | 16.2 | 53.3 | 22.7 | 33.4 |
| Homicide | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
| Complications of medical or surgical care | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Other accident or injury | 8.1 | 9.0 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 6.9 | 10.6 | 7.7 | 21.5 |
| Females | |||||||||
| Total No of deaths | 6553 | 579 | 1066 | 988 | 1399 | 682 | 378 | 1177 | 284 |
| Expected No of deaths | 3125 | 103 | 399 | 546 | 561 | 479 | 283 | 619 | 135 |
| Distribution of excess deaths by cause: | |||||||||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 16.9 | 11.5 | 18.2 | 14.4 | 17.0 | 25.1 | 0.0 | 23.2 | 8.6 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 11.3 | 7.4 | 18.3 | 7.3 | 16.6 | 8.1 | 0.0 | 6.4 | 5.3 |
| Other heart disease | 7.1 | 7.9 | 9.8 | 4.6 | 7.0 | 4.4 | 0.6 | 7.8 | 3.9 |
| Malignant neoplasms | 13.3 | 16.4 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 16.9 | 17.3 | 20.9 | 15.9 | 10.4 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 9.1 | 5.7 | 12.7 | 0.9 | 7.0 | 2.0 |
| Influenza and pneumonia | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 2.1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.7 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.4 |
| HIV | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Chronic liver disease or cirrhosis | 3.2 | 13.2 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 7.7 | 1.6 | 4.4 |
| Kidney disease | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 0.0 |
| Dementia | 1.0 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 |
| Alzheimer’s disease | 0.7 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
| Other | 15.1 | 18.4 | 11.0 | 15.8 | 15.7 | 11.9 | 16.2 | 11.3 | 32.6 |
| Suicide | 10.1 | 2.1 | 7.1 | 27.4 | 2.9 | 8.3 | 33.5 | 11.8 | 14.8 |
| Homicide | 0.4 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 4.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
| Complications of medical or surgical care | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Other accident or injury | 7.0 | 7.1 | 5.7 | 9.5 | 4.0 | 7.2 | 13.6 | 8.2 | 11.1 |