Table 4.

Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics for each of the three most frequently used non=pharmacologic interventions (N=1395)

		Calming Voice	Information	Deep Breathing
Gender
Male		62.9%	63.6% *	39.2%
Female		67.4%	55.7%	35.8%
Ethnicity
White		66.6%	62.4% *	38.9%
African-American		68.8%	55.3%	30.8%
Other		53.3%	45.2%	38.1%
Care level
Critical care		68.2% *	65.2% **	40.5% **
Specialty floor/ other		60.6%	51.3%	32.8%
Diagnosis
Medical		62.5%	47.9% **	18.8% **
Surgical		66.3%	64.3%	44.5%
Trauma/burn/other		76.8%	75.0%	38.7%
Turn method
Hands		58.5% **	56.7% **	39.0%
Drawsheet		71.2%	66.0%	38.5%
Other		54.8%	35.5%	32.5%
Patient assist
Assisted		64.5%	57.4% **	37.0%
Did not assist		70.1%	68.0%	41.8%
Opioid premed
Premedicated		70.7%	67.3%	57.6% **
Not premedicated		65.0%	59.7%	32.5%

	Calming Voice		Information		Deep Breathing
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Mean NRS pain (during turn)	5.3	4.4**	5.2	4.6**	5.6	4.6**
Mean age (years)	63.7	63.1	63.6	63.3	61.1	65.0**

Chi-square tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables

^*p<.01,

^**p<.001