TABLE 3.
| A. Comparison of baseline characteristics of patients that experienced improvement in MR after aortic valve intervention versus those that did not improve | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Improved (n=137) |
No Improvement (n=150) |
P value | |
| Age (years) | 74.7 ± 9.5 | 74.5 ± 9.9 | p = ns |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 54.7% (n=75) | 56.7% (n=85) | p = ns |
| Female | 45.3% (n= 62) | 43.3% (n=65) | |
| Race | |||
| Caucasian | 90.5% (n=124) | 91.3% (n=137) | p = ns |
| African American | 8.0% (n=11) | 4.7% (n=7) | |
| Asian | 0.0% (n=0) | 1.3% (n=2) | |
| Hispanic | 0.0% (n=0) | 1.3% (n=2) | |
| Other/unspecified | 1.5% (n=2) | 1.3% (n=2) | |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 24.1% (n=33) | 28.7% (n=43) | p = ns |
| Diabetes | 30.7% (n=42) | 28.0% (n=42) | p = ns |
| Hypertension | 81.0% (n=111) | 81.3% (n=122) | p = ns |
| Previous MI | 19.7% (n=27) | 25.3% (n=38) | p = ns |
| Heart failure | 82.5% (n=113) | 90.0% (n=135) | p = ns |
| NYHA class | |||
| 1 | 1.5% (n=2) | 1.3% (n=2) | p = ns |
| 2 | 26.2% (n=36) | 32.7% (n=49) | |
| 3 | 43.0% (n=59) | 42.7% (n=64) | |
| 4 | 10.2% (n=14) | 13.3% (n=20) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 19.9% (n=26) | 20.7% (n=31) | p = ns |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 19.0% (n=22) | 19.3% (n=29) | p = ns |
| Dialysis | 2.2% (n=3) | 2.0% (n=3) | p = ns |
| Creatinine | 1.19 ± 0.972 | 1.12 ± 0.769 | p = ns |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 54.0% ±13.9% (n=135) | 56.0% +13.6% (n=147) | p = ns |
| Mean aortic valve gradient (mm Hg) | 45.4±16.0 (n=136) | 43.4±16.5 (n=149) | p = ns |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mm Hg) | 27.2 ± 9.7 (n=90) | 27.9 ± 10.5 (n=94) | p = ns |
| Left atrial diameter (cm) | 4.46 ± 0.85 (n=102) | 4.50 ± 0.83 (n=107) | p = ns |
| Degree of pre-op MR | |||
| Mild | 49.6% (n=68) | 70.7% (n=106) | p = 0.003 |
| Mild-moderate | 25.5% (n=35) | 14.7% (n=22) | |
| Moderate | 21.9% (n=30) | 14.7% (n=22) | |
| Moderate-severe | 2.2% (n=3) | 0.0% (n=0) | |
| Severe | 0.7% (n=1) | 0.0% (n=0) | |
| Any structural MV disease | 69.3% (n=95) | 63.3% (n=95) | p = ns |
| Mitral annular calcification | 62.0% (n=85) | 53.3% (n=80) | p = ns |
| Moderate or worse mitral annular calcification | 24 1% (n=33) | 30.0% (n=45) | p = ns |
| Leaflet abnormality | 23.4% (n=32) | 21.3% (n=32) | p = ns |
| B. Comparison of operative characteristics of patients that experienced improvement in MR after aortic valve intervention versus those that did not improve | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Improved (n=137) |
No improvement (n=150) |
||
| Nature of operation | |||
| AVR | 64.2% (n=88) | 54.0% (n=81) | p = ns |
| AVR + CABG | 21.9% (n=30) | 32.0% (n=48) | |
| AVR + CABG +other | 2.2% (n=3) | 2.7% (n=4) | |
| AVR + other | 10.2% (n=14) | 7.3% (n=11) | |
| Aortic root replacement | 0.7% (n=1) | 0.7% (n=1) | |
| Aortic root replacement + other | 0.7% (n=1) | 3.3% (n=5) | |
| Incidence | |||
| First cardiac surgery operation | 81.0% (n=111) | 81.3% (n=122) | p = ns |
| First re-operation | 17.9% (n=24) | 17.3% (n=26) | |
| Second re-operation | 1.5% (n=2) | 1.3% (n=2) | |
| Third re-operation | 0.0% (n=0) | 0.0% (n=0) | |
| Urgency | |||
| Elective | 70.1% (n=96) | 70.7% (n=106) | p = ns |
| Urgent | 27.0% (n=37) | 27.3% (n=41) | |
| Emergent | 2.9% (n=4) | 2.0% (n=3) | |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) | 113 ± 42.6 | 125 ± 53.9 | p = ns |
| Valve type | |||
| Bioprosthesis | 96.3% (n=132) | 95.3% (n=143) | p = ns |
| Mechanical | 3.6% (n=5) | 4.7% (n=7) | |
| Homograft | 0.0% (n=0) | 0.0% (n=0) | |
| Implant Size (mm) | 23.8 ± 2.1 | 23.5 ± 2.2 | p = ns |
Abbreviations: MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; mmHg millimeters of mercury; cm, centimeters; MV, mitral valve, ns, not significant.
Abbreviations: AVR, aortic valve replacement; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; min, minutes; mm, millimeters; ns, not significant.