Table 3.
Strategy | Effectiveness for CNS Malignancy | Toxicity/Adverse Effects Profile | Introduction into Clinical Practice | Repeated/Continuous Administration | Tumor Size and CNS Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Efflux transport inhibition without/with nanocarriers | No studies | High toxicity for first generation compounds. No data for new generation compounds. | No data. Potentially simple. | No data. Potentially possible. | No data. No limitation expected. |
Systemic administration of drug nanocarriers without/with targeting molecules | Not established (few phase II studies). | Varies by carrier and compound. Require further investigation. | Potentially simple. | Potentially possible. | No data. No limitation expected. |
Systemic administration of CNS-targeted drug carrier exosomes | No studies. | Safe by preliminary in vivo animal studies. | Potentially simple. | Potentially possible. | No data. No limitation expected. |
aFor references, please see text.