Table 3.
Maternal and Umbilical Cord Selenium Concentrations Reported in Prior Studies.
| Study information | Selenium | Maternal (M) | Cord (C) | M/C | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Study | Location | Media | Method | N | Mean | N | Mean | Ratio |
| Wasowicz 1993 | Poland | Plasma | FM | 64 | 35 | 64 | 28.1 | 1.25 |
| Micetic-Turk 2000 | Slovenia | Serum | FIHG-AAS | 20 | 62 | 20 | 34 | 1.82 |
| Osman 2000 | Sweden | Serum | GFAAS | 74 | 71.89 | 74 | 52.93 | 1.36 |
| Makhoul 2004 | Israel (preec.) | Serum | AAS | 32 | 86.64 | 38 | 52.9 | 1.64 |
| Makhoul 2004 | Israel (controls) | Serum | AAS | 119 | 84.1 | 130 | 57.48 | 1.46 |
| Schulpis 2004 | Greece | Serum | GFAAS | 1118 | 68.3 | 1118 | 37.02 | 1.84 |
| Schulpis 2004 | Albania | Serum | GFAAS | 820 | 37.4 | 820 | 34.33 | 1.09 |
| Kantola 2004 | Finland (nonsmokers) | Serum | AAS | 63 | 110 | 67 | 111 | 0.93 |
| Kantola 2004 | Finland (smokers) | Serum | AAS | 15 | 111 | 15 | 124 | 0.90 |
| Lorenzo Alonso 2005 | Spain | Serum | AAS | 48 | 90 | 48 | 76.3 | 1.18 |
| Butler Walker 2006 | Canada (Caucasians) | Plasma | GFAAS | 132 | 124 | 125 | 87 | 1.43 |
| Butler Walker 2006 | Canada (Dene/Metis) | Plasma | GFAAS | 92 | 119 | 81 | 75 | 1.59 |
| Butler Walker 2006 | Canada (Inuit) | Plasma | GFAAS | 144 | 119 | 161 | 74 | 1.61 |
| Mistry 2008 | United Kingdom (preec.) | Serum | GFAAS | 25 | 39.7 | 25 | 29 | 1.37 |
| Mistry 2008 | United Kingdom (controls) | Serum | GFAAS | 27 | 58.4 | 27 | 42.1 | 1.39 |
| Rudge 2009 | South Africa | WB | ICP-MS | 62 | 104 | 62 | 111 | 0.94 |
| Sakamoto 2010 | Japan | RBC | ICP-MS | 81 | 192 | 81 | 227 | 0.85 |
Abbreviations: FM = LS-5 spectroflourometer; GFAAS = graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy; FIHG-AAS = flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry; AAS = atomic absorption spectroscopy; ICP-MS = inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; preec. = preeclampsia; M/C = maternal/cord; RBC = red blood cells; WB = whole blood. All maternal samples were collected around the time of delivery except for Osman 2000, where they were collected at gestational week 36. Selenium is measured in μg/L except for Sakamoto 2010 which was measured in ng/g. Arithmetic means are presented except for Rudge 2009, where the median was used. Maternal/fetal ratio is calculated for this paper using the individual authors’ summary data.