Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Features of 78 Study Participantsa
| E/C/ALA (n = 28) | CoQ (n = 25) | Placebo (n = 25) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 73.6 (9.1) | 71.4 (8.4) | 73.2 (9.5) |
| Women, % | 46 | 44 | 48 |
| Education, y, mean (SD) | 14.6 (3.7) | 15.0 (2.5) | 15.8 (2.4) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 26.5 (4.1) | 27.0 (4.2) | 25.8 (4.1) |
| Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor use, % | 88 | 84 | 100 |
| Memantine use, % | 44 | 40 | 50 |
| Concomitant vitamin or supplement use, %b | 52 | 64 | 43 |
| MMSE score, mean (SD) | 23.1 (3.9) | 23.3 (4.4) | 23.1 (3.4) |
| MMSE score change at 16 wk, mean (SD) | −2.8 (2.9)c | −1.0 (2.5) | −0.9 (2.5) |
| ADCS-ADL score, mean (SD) | 61.1 (16.3) | 65.2 (12.8) | 65.4 (8.7) |
| ADCS-ADL score change at 16 wk, mean (SD) | −4.6 (7.9) | −2.4 (6.7) | −2.3 (5.9) |
Abbreviations: ADCS-ADL, Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Scale; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CoQ, coenzyme Q; E/C/ALA, vitamin E plus vitamin C plus α-lipoic acid; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
Intention to treat. Demographic or clinical variables listed in Table 1 did not differ at baseline among the treatment arms.
Concomitant vitamins or supplements were allowed only if they contained vitamin E, vitamin C, α-lipoic acid, or CoQ in amounts less than defined thresholds, much lower than the doses used in the treatment arms of this trial.
P = .04, analysis of covariance, adjusted for multiple comparisons. In a logistic model that compared MMSE score changes in the E/C/ALA and placebo arms, and included age, sex, and baseline MMSE score as covariates, treatment arm was significant (P = .02).