Table 1. Baseline characteristics of HIV-infected participants by HBV and HCV status.
| Baseline Characteristic | Active HBV n(% of 21) | Past HBV n(% of 172) | Never Exp to HBV n(% of 208) | HCV n(% of 23) | Total n(% of 402) |
| Mean age yrs (SD) 1 | 37.6 (6.7) | 35.5 (8.7) | 33.6 (7.5) | 40.9 (9.7)* | 34.6 (8.0) |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 7 (33.3) | 47 (27.3) | 44 (21.2) | 4 (17.4) | 99 (24.6) |
| Female | 14 (66.7) | 125 (72.7) | 164 (78.8) | 19 (82.6) | 303 (75.4) |
| Marital status 1 | |||||
| Never married | 2 (9.5) | 17 (10.1) | 19 (9.3) | 1 (4.5) | 38 (9.6) |
| Married | 8 (38.1) | 96 (56.8) | 120 (58.8) | 10 (45.4) | 224 (56.9) |
| Divorced | 5 (23.8) | 26 (15.4) | 26 (12.8) | 6 (27.3) | 57 (14.5) |
| Widowed | 6 (28.6) | 30 (17.7) | 39 (19.1) | 5 (22.7) | 75 (19.0) |
| Educational level 1 | |||||
| None | 2 (10.5) | 15 (8.9) | 22 (10.7) | 4 (18.2) | 39 (9.9) |
| Primary school | 6 (31.6) | 87 (51.5) | 104 (50.7) | 11 (50.0) | 198 (50.2) |
| Secondary school | 10 (52.6) | 58 (34.3) | 73 (35.6) | 6 (27.3) | 141 (35.8) |
| Post secondary school | 1 (5.3) | 9 (5.3) | 6 (3.0) | 1 (4.5) | 16 (4.1) |
| Median weekly income in USD (IQR) | 12.5 (2.1–20.8) | 8.3 (0–20.8) | 6.3 (0–16.7) | 6.3 (0–12.5) | 8.3 (0–20.8) |
| Median household size (IQR) | 6 (4–7) | 5 (3–7) | 4 (3–6) | 6 (4–8) | 4 (3–6) |
| Median age at sexual debut in years (range) 1 | 18 (12–31) | 18 (13–30) | 18 (6–30) | 18 (14–30) | 18 (6–31) |
| ≥2 sexual partners last 6 mo 1 | 0 (0.0) | 18 (11.2) | 14 (7.0) | 1 (4.4) | 32 (8.4) |
| Condom use last vaginal sex | 11 (55.0) | 83 (49.7) | 91 (44.2) | 6 (26.1) | 185 (47.0) |
| Regular alcohol use 2 | 11 (52.4) | 68 (40.5) | 71 (34.5) | 5 (21.7) | 151 (38.1) |
| Body mass index (BMI) 1 | |||||
| Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 9 (47.4)* | 83 (51.6)* | 123 (62.8)* | 11 (50.0) | 216 (57.3) |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 3 (15.8) | 21 (13.0) | 13 (6.6) | 1 (4.5) | 37 (9.8) |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 2 (10.5) | 40 (24.8) | 41 (20.9) | 8 (36.4) | 83 (22.0) |
| Obese (> = 30) | 5 (26.3) | 17 (10.6) | 19 (9.7) | 2 (9.1) | 41 (10.9) |
| Positive HSV-2 serology | 16 (76.2) | 150 (87.7) | 176 (85.0) | 22 (95.7) | 343 (85.8) |
| WHO clinical stage 1 | |||||
| Stage 1 | 10 (50.0)* | 118 (69.8)* | 157 (77.3)* | 12 (52.2) | 285 (72.5) |
| Stage 2 | 5 (25.0) | 38 (22.5) | 28 (13.8) | 7 (30.4) | 71 (18.1) |
| Stage 3 | 4 (20.0) | 12 (7.1) | 17 (8.4) | 4 (17.4) | 33 (8.4) |
| Stage 4 | 1 (5.0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.0) |
| ART groups 3 | |||||
| No ART | 5 (23.8) | 78 (45.3) | 113 (54.3) | 10 (43.5) | 196 (48.8) |
| AZT/D4T, 3TC, NVP/EFV | 14 (66.7) | 72 (41.9) | 79 (38.0) | 10 (43.5) | 166 (41.3) |
| TDF, 3TC, NVP/EFV | 2 (9.5) | 22 (12.8) | 16 (7.7) | 3 (13.0) | 40 (9.9) |
| Median CD4 count cells/µl (IQR) | 276 (195–487) | 332 (230–509) | 389 (224–535) | 359 (220–493) | 359 (221–518) |
| Median log10 HIV RNA copies/mL (IQR) | 4.41 (3.97–5.23) | 4.24 (3.25–4.91) | 4.38 (3.58–5.00) | 4.01* (2.49–4.61) | 4.31 (3.43–4.99) |
*
p<0.05 comparing the 3 HBV groups or comparing anti-HCV positive versus negative.
1
Missing values. Age: n = 397; marital status: n = 394; educational level: n = 394; age at sexual debut: n = 393; sexual partners in last 6 months: n = 379; BMI: n = 377; WHO clinical stage: n = 393.
2
Regular alcohol use was defined as alcohol use more than 3 times per week during the last 6 months.
3
AZT = zidovudine; D4T = stavudine; 3TC = lamivudine; NVP = nevaripine; EFV = efavirenz; TDF = tenofovir diphosphate.