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. 2013 May 17;62(6):1981–1989. doi: 10.2337/db11-1740

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© 2013 by the American Diabetes Association.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

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FIG. 2. — The effect of obesity on diurnal variation in cardiovascular indices. A: Diurnal variation in constriction to PE. B: Diurnal variation in systolic BP. C: Diurnal variation in heart rate. D: Diurnal variation in endothelial-dependent vasodilation to ACh. E: Diurnal variation in endothelial vasodilation; vasodilator response to 3 nmol/L ACh. F: Diurnal variation in eNOS activation (ratio of phospho-eNOS to total eNOS protein). G: Diurnal variation in vasomotor response to insulin. A–D: Results from obese animals are denoted by circles and lean by triangles, and, where appropriate, values at 8:00 a.m. by open symbols and those at 8:00 p.m. by closed symbols. E–G: Obese animals are denoted by checkered bars and lean by solid bars, and 8:00 a.m. values are denoted by gray and 8:00 p.m. by black; in G, open bars denote insulin and filled bars vehicle treatment. Two-way ANOVA: *P < 0.05 and #P < 0.001. A, D, E, and G: n = 8–13 per group. B, C, and F: n = 4–6 per group.