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. 2013 May 15;36(6):1454–1461. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1652

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Protective effects of grape PP supplementation on HFrD-induced oxidative stress. Linking oxidative stress to IR, from baseline (white bars) to post–8 weeks of PCB or grape PP supplementation (gray bars) and after 6 days of HFrD with PCB/grape PP supplementations (black bars) with urinary F2-isiprostanes (Isop) (picomoles per millimole of creatinine [creat]) (18 PCB and 20 PP) (A), TBARS (nanomoles per gram of tissue) (8 PCB and 8 PP) (B), and muscle protein carbonylation as fold induction relative to baseline (arbitrary units [AU]) (8 PCB and 13 PP) (C). *P < 0.05 for statistical pre- and postintervention comparisons within each group via the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. #P < 0.05 for intergroup comparisons by Mann-Whitney U tests. Data are means ± SEM.