Table 3.
General characteristics of study groups (n=181)
| Characteristics | NG (50) | CG (n=66) | EG1 (n=29) | EG2 (n=36) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age basal, mean±SD, y | 44.0±5.3a | 46.2±5.8ab | 46.6±5.7b | 47.4±5.0b |
| Age basal 35–45, n(%), y | 32 (64.0) | 27 (40.9) | 11 (37.9) | 11 (30.6) |
| Age end 35–45, n(%), y | 25 (50.0) | 27 (40.9) | 11 (37.9) | 11 (30.6) |
| Age basal 46–55, n(%), y | 18 (36.0) | 39 (59.1) | 18 (62.1) | 25 (69.4) |
| Age end 46–57, n(%), y | 25 (50.0) | 47 (71.2) | 19 (65.5) | 29 (80.6) |
| Weight basal, mean±SD (kg) | 66.0±5.3a | 64.9±11.0a | 64.6±9.8a | 61.1±9.0a |
| Weight end, mean±SD (kg) | 66.0±9.6a | 64.2±11.9a | 65.3±11.2a | 60.9±9.2a |
| Height basal, mean±SD (cm) | 155.0±5.0a | 155.8±5.6a | 155.0±5.9a | 155.0±5.3a |
| BMI basal, mean±SD (kg/m2) | 27.5±4.0a | 26.6±4.7a | 27.0±4.1a | 25.3±3.2a |
| BMI end, mean±SD (kg/m2) | 28.0±4.2a | 26.4±4.8a | 27.1±4.4a | 25.0±3.5a |
| Lean mass basal, mean±SD (kg) | 38.8±5.0b | 37.7±4.9ab | 37.2±4.9ab | 36.0±4.2a |
| Lean mass end, mean±SD (kg) | 38.7±5.0a | 37.0±5.3a | 37.6±6.4a | 36.6±5.4a |
| Fat mass basal, mean±SD (kg) | 25.4±5.5a | 25.6±7.3a | 25.5±5.8a | 23.3±5.8a |
| Fat mass end, mean±SD (kg) | 26.0±6.2 b* | 25.3±7.8ab | 25.9±6.0b | 22.3±6.6a |
| Without menopause basal, n (%) | 34 (68) | 34 (51.5) | 17 (58.6) | 19 (51.4) |
| Without menopause end, n (%) | 31 (62) | 33 (50) | 14 (48.2) | 18 (48.6) |
| With menopause basal, n (%) | 16 (32) | 32 (48.5) | 12 (41.4) | 17 (48.6) |
| With menopause end, n (%) | 19 (38) | 33 (50) | 15 (51.8) | 18 (51.4) |
| Menopause age basal, mean±SD, y | 45.3±5.4a | 44.8±4.9a | 47.2±3.2a | 46.6±3.8a |
| Menopause age end, mean±SD, y | 45.5±5.0a | 45.1±5.2a | 47.8±3.7a | 46.7±3.8a |
| BMD lumbar spine basal, mean±SD (g/cm2) | 1.046±0.09a | 0.865±0.04b | 0.857±0.05b | 0.854±0.05b |
| BMD lumbar spine end, mean±SD (g/cm2) | 1.041±0.10a* | 0.851±0.06b* | 0.835±0.07b* | 0.843±0.06b |
| BMD total hip basal, mean±SD (g/cm2) | 1.004±0.10a | 0.866±0.09b | 0.876±0.08b | 0.840±0.08b |
| BMD total hip end, mean±SD (g/cm2) | 1.003±0.10a | 0.897±0.10b* | 0.855±0.09b | 0.844±0.10b* |
| BMD femoral neck basal, mean±SD (g/cm2) | 0.900±0.09a | 0.756±0.08b | 0.748±0.09b | 0.740±0.06b |
| BMD femoral neck end, mean±SD (g/cm2) | 0.854±0.10a* | 0.746±0.08b* | 0.723±0.09b* | 0.718±0.07b* |
Data are mean±SD.
NG=normal group, CG=control group, EG1=experimental group 1, EG2=experimental group 2.
ab
Values in the same row that do not share the same superscript letter are significantly different (analysis of variance, Tukey test, p<0.05).
*
Values in the same column are significantly different (paired-samples T test, p<0.05).