Fig. 1.

Potential autoantibody binding sites in CRPS patients for β2AR (beta(2)-adrenergic receptor) and M2R (muscarinic 2 acetylcholine receptor) autoautoantibodies. (images modified from The Inner Man™, Medical Illustrations Company LLC). a. β2AR and M2R sites in the central nervous system and heart: β2AR in cerebellum—(Reznikoff et al. 1986); β2AR in reticular formation—(Culmsee 2009); β2AR in sympathetic autonomic nervous system—(Katzung 2001), M2R in parasympathetic autonomic system and heart—(Katzung 2001) β2AR also in astrocytes and microglia (Mantyh et al. 1995; Wang et al. 2010) b. M2R distribution in pyramidal motor pathway to skeletal muscles M2R in motor cortex and thalamus—(Levey et al. 1991) M2R in peripheral nerves—(Katzung 2001)