Fig. 1.

Effects of the PPARδ agonist GW0742 and the antagonist GSK0660 on MPP⁺ cytotoxicity as measured by cell viability and LDH release. The impact of GW0742 (A) and GSK0660 (B) on cell viability was assessed by MTT reduction. Concentrations of GW0742 above 10 nM and concentrations of GSK0660 above 100 nM decreased cell viability compared to control (0.1% DMSO). GSK0660 (100 nM) and GSK0660 pre-treatment followed by co-treatment with GW0742 (10 nM) increased the MPP⁺-induced decrease in cell viability compared to MPP⁺ alone (C). This was reversed by pre-treatment with GW0742 (10 nM) and then co-treatment. Neither GW0742 nor GSK0660 affected MPP⁺ induced LDH release (D). Data are mean ± SEM, n = 3, ^#p < 0.05 MPP⁺ compared to control; ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01 compared to MPP⁺ alone, ^†GW0742 pre-treatment compared to GSK0660 pre-treatment (ANOVA followed by Student–Newman–Keuls post hoc test).