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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drugs. 2013 Apr;73(5):407–426. doi: 10.1007/s40265-013-0038-y

Table VI.

NRT for Relapse Prevention: Summary Results from Randomized Clinical Trials of at Least Six Months

Study [citation #] Initial Abstinence Period Prevention Medication Prevention Medication Prevention Medication Total N Duration Relapse Prevention Treatment Relative Risk
Six Months One Year
Medication Assisted Initial Cessation
Covey 2007 [122] 4 weeks1 Gum + Bupropion Placebo Gum+ Bupropion 146 16 weeks 0.8 0.9
Covey 2007 [122] 4 weeks1 Gum Placebo Gum 143 16 weeks 1.3 1.4
Croghan 2007 [123] 7 days2 Inhaler + Bupropion Placebo Inhaler + Bupropion 96 9 months 1.2 1.1
Croghan 2007 [123] 7 days2 Inhaler Placebo Inhaler 94 9 months 1.0 1.1
Croghan 2007 [123] 7 days3 Inhaler Placebo Inhaler 74 9 months 1.6 1.5
Unaided Initial Cessation
Killen [125] 1990 48hrs Gum4 No Gum5 1218 3 months 1.2 1.2
Fortmann 1995 [124] 24hrs Gum + Self Help Materials Self Help Materials 521 unstated 1.6 1.3
Fortmann 1995 [124] 24hrs Gum No gum 523 unstated 1.3 1.3
1

Initial cessation facilitated by 8 weeks open label treatment of gum + bupropion + counseling

2

Initial cessation facilitated by 3 months open label treatment of inhaler + bupropion

3

Initial cessation facilitated by 3 months open label treatment of inhaler

4

Collapsed groups of instructional (n=301) and ad libitum gum (n=299) groups

5

Collapsed groups of placebo (n=309) and no gum (n=309) groups