Table 1.
Cognitive performance by quintile of Mediterranean diet score
| Mediterranean diet score |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | Continuous | ||
| (0–2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6–9) | |||
| n | 159 | 232 | 278 | 287 | 313 | ||
| Score | 1.74 (0.47)a | 3 (0)a | 4 (0)a | 5 (0)a | 6.48 (0.73)a | ||
| Age (years)b | 56.1 (7.5)a | 57. 3 (7.5)a | 57.5 (7.5)a | 57.4 (7.8)a | 57.7 (7.6)a | ||
|
| |||||||
| Mean (SE) c | β (SE) c | P for trend d | |||||
|
| |||||||
| MMSEe | |||||||
| Model 1f | 23.1 (0.2) | 23.3 (0.2) | 23.6 (0.2) | 23.8 (0.2) | 23.9 (0.2) | 0.19 (0.05) | <0.001 |
| Model 2g | 23.0 (0.3) | 23.3 (0.2) | 23.5 (0.2) | 23.7 (0.2) | 23.7 (0.2) | 0.14 (0.05) | 0.012 |
| Executive function | |||||||
| Model 1f | −0.06 (0.07) | −0.004 (0.06) | 0.002 (0.06) | −0.08 (0.06) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.34 |
| Model 2g | −0.14 (0.08) | −0.03 (0.07) | −0.08 (0.06) | −0.11 (0.06) | −0.02 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.52 |
| Memory | |||||||
| Model 1f | −0.15 (0.08) | −0.16 (0.07) | 0.08 (0.07) | −0.08 (0.07) | −0.06 (0.06) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.23 |
| Model 2g | −0.13 (0.09) | −0.17 (0.07) | 0.12 (0.07) | −0.07 (0.07) | −0.07 (0.07) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.39 |
| Attention | |||||||
| Model 1f | −0.03 (0.08) | 0.03 (0.07) | 0.17 (0.06) | 0.09 (0.06) | 0.19 (0.06) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.017 |
| Model 2g | −0.08 (0.09) | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.15 (0.07) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.13 (0.07) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.067 |
Mean (SD).
P = 0.30 for age differences across quintiles of Mediterranean diet score (PROC GLM in SAS 9.2).
Adjusted means (standard error, SE) by quintile category, and β coefficients (SE) for linear scores were calculated using general linear models (PROC GLM in SAS 9.2) after adjustment for covariates.
P values for trend were calculated using the continuous diet score in general linear models (PROC GLM in SAS 9.2).
Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score.
Model 1, adjusted for age (years), sex, and educational attainment (≤ primary school, secondary school, high school, or ≥ some college).
Model 2, further adjusted for household income below threshold (yes/no), acculturation score (continuous), smoking status (never, past smoker or current smoker), physical activity score (continuous), supplement use (yes/no), taking more than 5 types of medications within the last 12 months (yes/no), body mass index (kg/m2), hypertension (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), total cholesterol (mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) and triglycerides (mg/dL).