Figure 1.

The sociobiologic cycle of diabetes.

¹Social determinants of health encompass factors such as income, education, housing, and access to nutritious food.

²Lifestyle factors incorporate dietary choices, physical activity levels, and access to primary health care services.

³Biologic responses refer to increased allostatic load, cortisol, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels, while psychological responses connote increased depression and anxiety, as well as decreased self-esteem, energy, and motivation.

⁴Managed condition implies individuals are able to ensure their diabetes is approximately controlled by clinical standards.

⁵Social consequences include increased health care costs and employment complications, as well as decreased productivity and educational attainment potential.