Table 4.
A review of efficacy estimates for inactivated vaccines.
| Author (year of publication) | Study design | Type of vaccine | Control | Age of study population | Overall vaccine efficacy (VE) | Lower confidence interval limit (for overall VE) | Upper confidence interval limit (for overall VE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beutner (1979) |
RCT |
Inactivated |
Placebo |
7-14 years |
0.82 |
0.55 |
1.23 |
| Clover (1991) |
RCT |
Inactivated |
Placebo |
3-18 years |
0.74 |
0.29 |
1.88 |
| Cowling (2010) |
RCT |
Inactivated |
Placebo |
6-15 years |
0.56 |
0.25 |
1.23 |
| Gruber (1990) |
RCT |
Inactivated |
Placebo |
3-18 years |
Against influenza B: 0.75 |
0.34 |
1.64 |
| Hoberman (2003) |
RCT |
Inactivated |
Placebo |
6-24 months |
0.66 |
0.34 |
0.82 |
| Maeda (2004) |
RCT |
Inactivated |
No intervention |
6-24 months |
Against influenza A: 0.45 |
0.18 |
1.10 |
| Vesikari (2011) |
RCT |
Inactivated |
Placebo |
6 to <72 months |
Year 1, any antigen: 0.43
Year 1, similar antigen: 0.45
Year 2, any antigen: 0.40
Year 2, similar antigen: 0.41 |
0.15
0.16
-0.06
-0.89 |
0.61
0.64
0.66
0.58 |
| Heikkinen (1991) |
Cohort study |
Inactivated |
No intervention |
1-3 years |
Against influenza A: 0.85 |
0.32 |
2.24 |
| Katayose (2011) |
Cohort study |
Inactivated |
No intervention |
0.5-5 years |
Against influenza A: 0.53 |
0.41 |
0.63 |
| Salleras (2006) |
Cohort study |
Inactivated |
No intervention |
3-14 years |
Against influenza A: 0.88 |
0.49 |
0.97 |
| Yamaguchi (2010) |
Cohort study |
Inactivated |
No intervention |
6-12 years |
0.82 |
0.60 |
1.12 |
| Joshi (2009) |
Case-control |
Inactivated |
Negative laboratory test for influenza-like illness (ILI) |
6-59 months |
0.86 |
0.29 |
0.97 |
| Kelly (2011) | Case-control | Inactivated | Negative laboratory test for ILI | 0.5-5 years | 0.58 | 0.09 | 0.81 |