Table 3. Biochemical characteristics of cases and controls at time of hepatic steatosis detection.
| Reference range | Steatosis cases | n | Controls | n | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c (%) |
4.3–6.1 |
6.8 ± 0.7 (6.1–8.3) |
9 |
6.6 ± 0.8 (5.1–7.5) |
10 |
0.5 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) |
3.3–6.0 |
7.2 ± 1.3 (5.5–8.7) |
4 |
7.2 ± 1.9 (5.1–10.9) |
8 |
1 |
| Stimulated C-peptide (nmol/L) |
0.3–1.32 |
0.46 ± 0.31 (0.09–1.01) |
9 |
0.41 ± 0.31 (0.03–0.78) |
10 |
0.74 |
| Stimulated c-peptide: glucose |
|
0.12 ± 012 (0.001–0.39) |
10 |
0.16 ± 0.12 (0.02–0.34) |
9 |
0.5 |
| TC (mmol/L) |
< 5.20 |
4.8 ± 0.0 (4.8–4.9) |
2 |
4.2 ± 0.5 (3.5–4.9) |
5 |
0.21 |
| LDL (mmol/L) |
< 2.50 |
2.6 ± 0.3 (2.4–2.7) |
2 |
2.3 ± 0.6 (1.7–2.9) |
5 |
0.64 |
| HDL (mmol/L) |
> 0.90 |
1.8 ± 0.7 (1.3–2.3) |
2 |
1.3 ± 0.2 (1.0–1.6) |
5 |
0.17 |
| TG (mmol/L) |
< 2.30 |
1.1 ± 0.8 (0.5–1.6) |
2 |
1.3 ± 0.6 (0.7–2.2) |
5 |
0.7 |
| ALP (IU/L) |
30–130 |
98.7 ± 111.3 (41.0–350.0) |
7 |
78.1 ± 23.5 (49.0–124.0) |
7 |
0.64 |
| AST (IU/L) |
< 40 |
57.7 ± 46.5 (16.0–135.0) |
7 |
28.3 ± 8.6 (17.0–39.0) |
6 |
0.16 |
| ALT (IU/L) |
< 40 |
59.4 ± 50.3 (15.0–141.0) |
7 |
25.0 ± 7.1 (20.0–30.0) |
2 |
0.39 |
| Total bilirubin (umol/L) | < 20 | 7.4 ± 3.0 (2.0–12.0) | 7 | 9.4 ± 4.4 (3.0–17.0) | 7 | 0.34 |
Values represented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Time of steatosis detection for determined within ± 1 mo of steatosis detection in cases and the corresponding time-point for matched controls. Stimulated c-peptide:glucose ratio is c-peptide at 90 min after MMTT divided by glucose at 90 min after MMTT