Fig. 5.

Schematic illustration of the problem. a An initially flat membrane containing diffusive receptor molecules wraps around a ligand-coated particle. b The receptor density distribution in the membrane becomes nonuniform upon ligand-receptor binding; the receptor density is depleted in the near vicinity of the binding area and induces diffusion of receptors toward the binding site. Reproduced with permission from Gao et al., PNAS 2005 [68]