Table 3.
Associations between intimate partner violence and migraine as modified by depressive symptoms.
| No migraine (N=1410) | Any migraine (N=656) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | Probable migraine (N=464) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | Migraine (N=192) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No violence and no depressive symptoms | 44.7 | 33.1 | 1.00 (Reference) | 34.7 | 1.00 (Reference) | 29.2 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Any lifetime physical or sexual violence | 19.4 | 16.0 | 1.05 (0.79–1.38) | 17.0 | 1.06 (0.78–1.45) | 13.5 | 0.99 (0.61–1.62) |
| Depressive symptoms only | 19.1 | 20.0 | 1.38 (1.06–1.79) | 18.5 | 1.22 (0.90–1.64) | 23.4 | 1.78 (1.17–2.71) |
| Any lifetime physical or sexual violence and depressive symptoms | 16.8 | 30.9 | 2.25 (1.75–2.88) | 29.7 | 2.07 (1.57–2.74) | 33.9 | 2.72 (1.83–4.04) |
Note: “Probable migraine” reflects ICHD-2 category 1.6.1, “Migraine” reflects ICHD-2 category 1.1, and “Any migraine” refers to the aggregate of women with probable migraine and migraine.
*
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI (95% confidence interval) are adjusted for maternal age, parity and access to basic foods.
**
Test for interaction between IPV and depressive symptoms: Likelihood ratio test statistic = 4.86; p-value = 0.027