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Insects associated with the ferns in this study: (A) sawfly larva, (B) orthopteran nymph, and (C) caterpillars (of common green-eyed white butterfly, Leptophobia aripa, Pieridae) used in placement experiments. The main image in (C) shows a large, 5th instar caterpillar, whilst the inset shows a small, 2nd instar one. Scale bars = 1 cm.
