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Mutualistic bipartite networks of ants and extrafloral nectary-bearing plants over a 20-years period at La Mancha, Mexico. A, ants (brown); P, plants (green). 1990: SP (plant species richness) = 49, SA (ant species richness) = 22, C (connectance) = 0·14. 2000: SP = 40, SA= 29, C = 0·175. 2010: SP = 33, SA = 46, C = 0·138. Each label is species-specific and identifies an ant (e.g. A01) or a plant (e.g. P42).
