Table 3.
Complications
| Total | Laparoscopic Group | Open Group | ORa | Relative Risk | 95% CIa | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases with complications, n (male, female) | 16 (11, 5) | 7 (4, 3) | 9 (7, 2) | 6.11 | .007 | ||
| Mortality at 30 d, n (male, female) | 1 (1, 0) | 0 | 1 (1, 0) | 5.63 | .86 | ||
| Mortality at 12 m, n (male, female) | 3 (2, 1) | 0 | 3 (2, 1) | 19.29 | .06 | ||
| Blood loss, mean (male, female); range (mL) | 427.4 (676.3, 240.8); 0–5000 | 95.0 (115.0, 88.4); 0–350 | 988.0 (1050.4, 850.0); 10–5000 | .0001 | |||
| (SD, 969.09) | (SD, 88.75) | (SD, 1450.5) | |||||
| Measures of outcome, n (male, female) | |||||||
| IVa pain medications >5 d | 10 (7, 3) | 5 (3, 2) | 5 (4, 1) | 3.33 | .17 | ||
| ICUa stay >5 d | 8 (5, 3) | 3 (2, 1) | 5 (3, 2) | 5.83 | .05 | ||
| Hospital stay >10 d | 9 (8, 1) | 3 (2, 1) | 6 (6, 0) | 7.64 | .01 | ||
| Postoperative ileus >4 d | 4 (3, 1) | 1 (0, 1) | 3 (3, 0) | 9.43 | .10 | ||
| Total No. of specific complications (male, female) | |||||||
| Pleural effusion | 2 (1, 1) | 0 | 2 (1, 1) | 12.0 | .23 | ||
| Incisional infection | 2 (2, 0) | 0 | 2 (2, 0) | 12.0 | .23 | ||
| Incisional hernia | 4 (1, 3) | 1 (0, 1) | 3 (1, 2) | 9.43 | .10 | ||
| Hematoma requiring drainage | 1 (1, 0) | 0 | 1 (1, 0) | 5.63 | .86 | ||
| Abscess requiring drainage | 1 (1, 0) | 0 | 1 (1, 0) | 5.63 | .86 | ||
| Upper GIa bleed requiring EGD/epia | 2 (2, 0) | 1 (1, 0) | 1 (1, 0) | 2.75 | .94 | ||
| Bile duct stricture requiring ERCPa | 1 (1, 0) | 0 | 1 (1, 0) | 5.63 | .86 | ||
| CBDa obstruction | 1 (1, 0) | 0 | 1 (1, 0) | 5.63 | .86 | ||
| Bile leak | 1 (0, 1) | 1 (0, 1) | 0 | 0 | .61 | ||
| Ascites requiring drainage | 5 (4, 1) | 3 (2, 1) | 2 (2, 0) | 1.86 | .89 | ||
| Retained drain requiring procedure | 1 (1, 0) | 1 (1, 0) | 0 | 0 | .61 | ||
| Having a complication in open group vs laparoscopic group | 5.29 | 1.83–15.34 | .003 | ||||
| Having [me]1 measure of poor outcome in open group vs laparoscopic group | 3.67 | 1.48–9.07 | .008 |
a
CBD=common bile duct; CI=confidence interval; EGD/epi=esophagogastroduodenoscopy/episode; ERCP=endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; GI=gastrointestinal; ICU= intensive care unit; IV=intravenous; OR=odds ratio.