Table 2. Cardiac procedures and peri-operative clinical characteristics.
| Parameter | Total(N = 87) | Hospital survivors(N = 43) | Non-survivors(N = 44) | p-value |
| MV surgery, % (n) | 49.4 (43) | 55.8 (24) | 43.2 (19) | 0.286 |
| AV surgery, % (n) | 23.0 (20) | 20.9 (9) | 25.0 (11) | 0.800 |
| AV and MV surgery, % (n) | 25.3 (22) | 30.2 (13) | 20.5 (9) | 0.332 |
| TV repair, % (n) | 39.1 (34) | 34.9 (15) | 43.2 (19) | 0.512 |
| RF ablation, % (n) | 41.4 (36) | 34.9 (15) | 47.7 (21) | 0.278 |
| Combined CABG, % (n) | 19.5 (17) | 18.6 (8) | 20.5 (9) | NS |
| Inotrope scorea | 22±6 | 18±5 | 27±5 | <0.001 |
| CPB time, min | 182±93 | 179±91 | 183±34 | 0.713 |
| Cross-clamp time, min | 94±42 | 93±40 | 97±43 | 0.638 |
| Blood cardioplegia (4°C), % (n) | 43.6(38) | 39.5(17) | 47.7(21) | 0.519 |
| HTK solution (4°C), % (n) | 56.4(49) | 60.5(26) | 52.3(23) | 0.519 |
| Peak creatine kinase-MB level, U/L | 512±101 | 498±96 | 539±115 | 0.582 |
| Peak cardiac troponin T level, ng⋅m L–1 | 23.50±12.87 | 22.94±10.63 | 26.32±15.13 | 0.438 |
| Peak lactate level, mmol L–1 | 11.9±4.2 | 10.7±3.7 | 16.8±8.9 | <0.001 |
| IABP support, % (n) | 47.1 (41) | 65.1 (28) | 29.5 (13) | <0.001 |
| Duration of VA-ECMO, h | 61±37 | 53±44 | 67±42 | 0.021 |
| Mechanical ventilation, h | 71±46 | 69±56 | 87±61 | 0.189 |
| ICU stay, d | 6.5±3.9 | 5.1±2.7 | 7.2±5.3 | 0.071 |
a
Inotrope score = [doses of dopamine+dobutamine (in μg·kg–1·min–1)]+[doses of epinephrine+norepinephrine+isoproterenol (in μg·kg–1·min–1)]×100+[dose of milrinone (in μg·kg–1·min–1)]×15. Inotrope score quantifies the amount of inotropic agents infused when hemodynamic support was applied7,8.
AV, aortic valve; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; ICU, intensive care unit; MV, mitral valve; RF, radiofrequency; TV, tricuspid valve.