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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 24.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011 Dec 1;10(12):945–963. doi: 10.1038/nrd3599

Figure 4. Role of CCNs in wound healing.

Figure 4

CCN1 and CCN2 have distinct roles in wound healing. CCN2 functions in the granulation tissue during the proliferative phase and acts with TGF-β to promote the synthesis ECM, leading to a pro-fibrotic response. As wound healing progresses, CCN1 accumulates to a sufficiently high level to induce an anti-fibrotic senescence switch in myofibroblasts, thereby limiting fibrosis by converting the ECM-synthesizing myofibroblasts into ECM-degrading senescent cells.