Fig. 3.

Real-time PCR in three OSCC cell lines (a SCC25, b HN5, c Tca8113) before and after treatments with TGF-β1. The expression of EMT markers, Twist1 and N-cad, are shown to have increased expression, while Snail1 and E-cad are down-regulated in all types of cells following the treatments with TGF-β1. The cell invasion factor, MMP-2, is not affected in SCC25 and Tca8113 cells, but the expression of MMP-2 is induced in HN5 cells. Conversely, MMP-9 is not affected in HN5 cells, while it is up-regulated in SCC25 and Tca8113 cells. Moreover, TIMP-1 is suppressed in SCC25 and Tca8113 cells, while the expression of HN5 cells is increased. On the other hand, TIMP-2 is induced in SCC25 and Tca8113 cells, but is suppressed in HN5 cells. For osteoclast-related molecules, both MT1-MMP and RANKL are induced while OPG is suppressed in all cells tested. Data are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments