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. 2012 Dec 28;15(6):805–812. doi: 10.1093/europace/eus353

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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. © The Author 2012. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

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Left panel: in 170 out of 171 PVs we observed no residual PV–LA exit conduction after proven LA–PV entry block. Right panel: after encircling the right-sided PVs, a stable, regular, and slow PV rhythm (*) appeared in the RSPV (2651 ± 68 ms) during underlying sinus rhythm (976 ± 24 ms). Together with the elimination of PV potentials (only far-field potentials resided on the CMC with timing consistent with far-field RA activation), this unambiguously proved LA–PV entry block. Three PV automaticity beats with a coupling interval of 136, 368, and 512 ms are shown. None of these PV beats advanced LA activation or altered the CS activation pattern. CS, coronary sinus; RSPV, right superior pulmonary vein; M, mapping catheter; LA, left atrium; PV, pulmonary vein; CMC, circular mapping catheter.