a, Knockdown during entire life of mrps-5, nkcc-1 or ttll-9 in C. elegans increased lifespan by 60%, 23% or 3%, respectively. See also Supplementary Table 2. b, One-way hierarchical clustering showing expression differences in gastrocnemius between young (5mo), old (25mo) and caloric restricted C57BL/6J mice15. Expression of mouse Mrp’s decreases upon aging, and reverts with CR, whereas Slc12a1 and Ttl do not change. c, Pearson’s r correlation coefficient with corresponding p values for covariation between BXD lifespan (x-axis) and mRNA expression of eleven other Mrp’s (y-axis) indicates robust correlation. Principle component analysis (PCA) reveals a highly significant correlation between the Mrp gene family and BXD lifespan. d, Mrps5 strongly correlates with genes involved in OXPHOS. Red lines indicate a positive Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.7–1.0, and blue lines of 0.5–0.7.