Table 2. Candidate biomarkers and their levels of evidence for analytical performance and prognostic/predictive clinical performance.
| Biomarker | Studied entities | Studied methods | Analytical performance | Prognostic clinical performance | Predictive clinical performance | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDH mutation | diffuse gliomas | IHC, DNA-based methods | A: R132H-IHC B: C: DNA-based methods D: |
A: B: diffuse gliomas C: D: |
A: B: C: D: diffuse gliomas |
[7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 69] |
| 1p19q co-deletion | oligodendroglial tumors, anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors | FISH, MLPA, LOH | A: B: C: FISH, MLPA, LOH D: |
A: oligodendroglial tumors B: C: D: |
A: B: C: anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors D: |
[14, 19, 20] |
| Ki 67 proliferation index | ependymoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, oligoastrocytom, anaplastic oligodendromglioma, analplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, meningioma, medulloblastoma, pituitary adenomas (non-functioning) | IHC | A: B: C: IHC D: |
A: B: ependymoma, C: pituitary adenomas (non functioning) D: oligodendroglioma, diffuse astrocytoma, meningioma, medulloblastoma |
A: B: C: D: ependymoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, analplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, meningioma, medulloblastoma, pituitary adenomas (non-functioning) |
[21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45] |
| MGMT methylation | glioblastoma | DNA based methods (MSP, PSQ, MS-MLPA, MS-PCR), IHC | A: B: C: DNA based methods D: |
A: glioblastoma B: C: D: |
A: glioblastoma of the elderly B: C: glioblastoma (all patients except elderly) D: |
[46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54] |
| MYCC amplification | medulloblastoma (all) | FISH | A: B: C: FISH D: |
A: B: medulloblastoma (all) C: D: |
A: B: C: D: medulloblastoma (all) |
[55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60] |
| MYCN amplification | medulloblastoma (clinical high risik group (one or more): large cell anaplastic, myc amplification, metastases; age > 3 years; SHH activation) | FISH | A: B: C: FISH D: |
A: B: C: D: medulloblastoma (high risk group) |
A: B: C: D: medulloblastoma (high risk group) |
[55, 58, 59, 60, 61] |
| β-catenin mutation | medulloblastoma | IHC in combination with sequencing | A: B: C: IHC in combination with sequencing D: |
A: B: medulloblastoma C: D: |
A: B: C: D: medulloblastoma |
[62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68] |