Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study sample based on areca nut chewing categories
|
Characteristics |
Non-users |
Areca nut chewers |
P-value* |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw areca nut users | Areca with tobacco additives | |||
|
Total participants, n(%) |
722(67.5) |
231(21.6) |
117(10.9) |
_ |
|
Male sex, n(%) |
419(70.0) |
126(21.0) |
54(9.0) |
0.05 |
|
Age, mean (SD) |
33.8(15.3) |
33.9(15.6) |
33.4(14.7) |
0.95 |
|
Age, n(%) |
|
|
|
|
| Age 16-39 |
470(67.3) |
151(21.6) |
77(11.0) |
0.95 |
| Age 40-49 |
99(66.9) |
32(21.6) |
17(11.5) |
|
| Age 50-59 |
87(69.1) |
24(19.1) |
15(11.9) |
|
| Age 60-75 |
66(67.4) |
24(24.5) |
8(8.2) |
|
|
Waist circumference, mean(SD) |
80.3(12.1) |
82.1(12.4) |
84.0(12.3) |
0.003 |
|
Central obesity, n(%) |
231(32.0) |
94(40.7) |
57(48.7) |
<0.001 |
|
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean(SD) |
123.6(19.0) |
126.5(20.4) |
131.0(21.4) |
<0.001 |
|
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean(SD) |
71.6(9.5) |
73.1(9.8) |
74.5(9.6) |
0.003 |
|
Cholesterol level, mmol/L, mean(SD) |
5.6(1.1) |
5.8(1.2) |
5.7(1.0) |
0.31 |
|
High density lipoprotein, mmol/L, mean(SD) |
1.4(0.4) |
1.3(0.4) |
1.3(0.4) |
0.03 |
|
Serum triglyceride level, mmol/L, mean(SD) |
1.4(0.9) |
1.6(1.1) |
1.6(1.0) |
0.004 |
|
Blood glucose level, mmol/L, mean(SD) |
4.8(0.9) |
5.0(1.2) |
5.3(2.0) |
<0.001 |
|
Social class |
|
|
|
|
| Professionals |
158(67.5) |
44(18.8) |
32(13.7) |
<0.001 |
| Non-manual workers |
115(42.3) |
113(41.5) |
44(16.2) |
|
| Manual workers | 449(79.6) | 74(13.1) | 41(7.3) | |
*p-value for categorical variables was calculated by chi squared test and with ANOVA for continuous variables.