Table 4.
Univariate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) for suicide in people sickness absent due to stress-related mental disorders (N=36,304)
| Characteristics | N (%) | HR | CI, 95% |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Socio-demographic characteristics |
|
|
|
| Sex |
|
|
|
| Male |
16 (0.16) |
2.35 |
1.20–4.61 |
| Female |
18 (0.07) |
1 |
|
| Age (years) |
|
|
|
| 17–25 |
6 (0.33) |
3.44 |
1.27–9.29 |
| 26–35 |
4 (0.05) |
0.51 |
0.16–1.59 |
| 36–45 |
11 (0.10) |
1 |
|
| 46–55 |
12 (0.13) |
1.37 |
0.60–3.10 |
| 56–65 |
< 4 (0.02) |
0.19 |
0.02–1.43 |
| Education (years) |
|
|
|
| 0 – 9 |
< 4 (0.07) |
1.45 |
0.43–4.91 |
| 10 – 12 |
18 (0.10) |
1.36 |
0.39–4.78 |
| > 12 |
13 (0.09) |
1 |
|
| Country of birth |
|
|
|
| Sweden |
29 (0.09) |
1 |
|
| Other Nordic countries |
0 (0.00) |
- |
- |
| Other European countries |
0 (0.00) |
- |
- |
| Outside Europe |
5 (0.20) |
2.19 |
0.85–5.65 |
| Place of residence |
|
|
|
| Big cities |
14 (0.10) |
1 |
|
| Medium size cities |
12 (0.09) |
0.93 |
0.43–2.02 |
| Small town |
8 (0.08) |
0.85 |
0.36–2.03 |
| Family sitation |
|
|
|
| Married/cohabiting with children a |
< 4 (0.02) |
1 |
|
| Married/cohabiting without children a |
8 (0.06) |
0.38 |
0.05–3.00 |
| Single people without children a |
19 (0.17) |
2.90 |
1.27–6.62 |
| Single people with children a |
6 (0.10) |
1.69 |
0.59–4.87 |
|
Sickness absence characteristics b |
|
|
|
| Repeated spells |
|
|
|
| 1 spell due to SRMD* |
32 (0.09) |
1 |
|
| > 1 spell due to SRMD* |
< 4 (0.12) |
1.25 |
0.30–5.19 |
| Spell with mental/somatic disorders |
|
|
|
| Only spells with mental disorders |
30 (0.09) |
1 |
|
| One additional spell with somatic disorders |
4 (0.12) |
1.31 |
0.46–3.72 |
| Multiple spells with somatic disorders |
0 (0.00) |
- |
- |
| Full-time c |
|
|
|
| No |
0 (0.00) |
- |
- |
| Yes |
34 (0.11) |
- |
- |
| Part-time d |
|
|
|
| No |
21 (0.12) |
0.62 |
0.31–1.24 |
| Yes |
13 (0.07) |
1 |
|
| Duration (days) e |
|
|
|
| 1–14 |
7 (0.07) |
1 |
|
| 15–90 |
17 (0.10) |
1.42 |
0.59–3.43 |
| 91–180 |
4 (0.11) |
1.56 |
0.45–5.30 |
| 181–365 |
5 (0.20) |
2.95 |
0.94–9.30 |
| > 365 |
< 4 (0.04) |
0.57 |
0.07–4.60 |
| Number of spells (any disorders) f |
|
|
|
| 1 |
23 (0.08) |
1 |
|
| 2 |
11 (0.21) |
2.73 |
1.33–5.59 |
| > 2 |
0 (0.00) |
- |
- |
|
Health care characteristics |
|
|
|
| Hospital stay due to mental disorders (days) g |
|
|
|
| No hospital stay |
23 (0.07) |
1 |
|
| |
5 (0.75) |
11.61 |
4.41–30.53 |
| > 8 |
6 (0.99) |
15.23 |
6.20–37.41 |
| Hospital stay due to somatic disorders (days) g |
|
|
|
| No hospital stay |
20 (0.08) |
1 |
|
| 1 to 4 |
5 (0.09) |
1.11 |
0.42–2.95 |
| > 4 |
9 (0.18) |
2.37 |
1.08–5.20 |
| Outpatient care visits due to mental disorders g |
|
|
|
| No visits |
16 (0.05) |
1 |
|
| 1 |
5 (0.28) |
5.87 |
2.15–16.02 |
| > 1 |
13 (0.85) |
17.68 |
8.51–36.76 |
| Outpatient care visits due to somatic disorders g |
|
|
|
| No visits |
< 4 (0.02) |
1 |
|
| 1 to 4 |
15 (0.09) |
4.07 |
0.93–17.80 |
| > 4 | 17 (0.15) | 6.66 | 1.54–28.83 |
* SRMD – stress-related mental disorders, a Children living at home; b Sickness absence due to stress-related mental diagnoses; c Individual had at least one full-time period (day) in the first sickness absence spell due to stress-related mental disorders; d Individual had at least one part-time period (day) in the first sickness absence spell due to stress-related mental disorders; e Duration of the first sickness absence spell due to stress-related mental disorders initiated in 2005; f Number of new sick leave spells initiated in 2005 regardless of disorders; g Cut-offs are based on the diagnosis-specific median.