Table 3.
Mean values (SD) and percentage change for the medial and lateral heel at week 0 (N = 30)
|
Medial heel | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Peak pressure (kPa) |
Maximum force (%BW) |
Contact area (cm2) |
||||||
| Insert | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value |
| Shoe only (control) |
215.5 (52.3) |
n/a |
n/a |
38.2 (6.4) |
n/a |
n/a |
19.7 (1.8) |
n/a |
n/a |
| Customised foot orthosis |
187.8 (40.3) |
−13%*^ |
<0.001 |
35.5 (6.4) |
−7%* |
0.004 |
20.0 (1.7) |
+1% |
0.495 |
| Contoured polyethylene |
204.5 (48.8) |
−5%#+ |
0.180 |
35.5 (6.6) |
−7%* |
0.041 |
19.7 (1.8) |
0% |
1.000 |
| Contoured EVA |
186.7 (41.9) |
−13%*^ |
<0.001 |
34.8 (5.7) |
−9%* |
<0.001 |
19.9 (1.8) |
+1% |
0.879 |
| Flat EVA |
190.8 (44.8) |
−11%* |
0.001 |
35.1 (6.2) |
−8%* |
0.008 |
19.9 (1.7) |
+1% |
0.230 |
|
Lateral heel | |||||||||
| |
Peak pressure (kPa) |
Maximum force (%BW) |
Contact area (cm2) |
||||||
|
Insert |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
| Shoe only (control) |
213.9 (50.5) |
n/a |
n/a |
37.8 (6.7) |
n/a |
n/a |
19.4 (1.8) |
n/a |
n/a |
| Customised foot orthosis |
198.8 (49.3) |
−7% |
0.251 |
40.0 (7.3) |
+6% |
0.134 |
19.7 (1.8) |
+2% |
0.319 |
| Contoured polyethylene |
209.3 (46.9) |
−2%+ |
1.000 |
39.4 (6.9) |
+4% |
0.470 |
19.5 (1.8) |
+1% |
1.000 |
| Contoured EVA |
191.8 (39.5) |
−10%*^ |
<0.001 |
38.6 (6.5) |
+2% |
1.000 |
19.7 (1.8) |
+2% |
0.319 |
| Flat EVA | 196.5 (52.3) | −8%* | 0.015 | 40.1 (7.2) | +6%* | 0.036 | 19.6 (1.8) | +1% | 0.568 |
* Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the shoe only condition.
# Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the customised orthosis.
Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the flat EVA sham orthosis.
+ Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the contoured EVA sham orthosis.
^ Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the contoured polyethylene orthosis.