Table 5.
Mean values (SD) and percentage change for the 1st MTPJ, lateral forefoot and hallux at week 0 (N = 30)
|
1st MTPJ | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Peak pressure (kPa) |
Maximum force (%BW) |
Contact area (cm2) |
||||||
| Insert | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value |
| Shoe only (control) |
179.7 (56.3) |
n/a |
n/a |
16.5 (6.9) |
n/a |
n/a |
10.0 (1.3) |
n/a |
n/a |
| Customised foot orthosis |
176.2 (51.6) |
−2% |
1.000 |
17.1 (5.4) |
+4% |
1.000 |
10.6 (1.0) |
+6% |
0.425 |
| Contoured polyethylene |
176.2 (46.6) |
−2% |
1.000 |
16.7 (5.4) |
+1% |
1.000 |
10.7 (1.0) |
+6%* |
0.020 |
| Contoured EVA |
169.1 (49.7) |
−6% |
0.074 |
16.0 (5.8) |
−3% |
1.000 |
10.6 (1.0) |
+5% |
0.096 |
| Flat EVA |
171.3 (49.8) |
−5% |
1.000 |
16.7 (5.7) |
+1% |
1.000 |
10.7 (1.0) |
+6% |
0.061 |
|
Lateral forefoot | |||||||||
| |
Peak pressure (kPa) |
Maximum force (%BW) |
Contact area (cm2) |
||||||
|
Insert |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
| Shoe only (control) |
204.8 (66.1) |
n/a |
0.194 |
30.8 (9.2) |
n/a |
n/a |
18.3 (1.5) |
n/a |
n/a |
| Customised foot orthosis |
191.6 (54.1) |
−6% |
0.194 |
30.1 (5.9) |
−2%^ |
1.000 |
18.5 (1.7) |
+1% |
0.252 |
| Contoured polyethylene |
205.2 (56.2) |
0%†+ |
1.000 |
32.9 (7.2) |
+7%*#†+ |
0.048 |
18.5 (1.6) |
+1% |
0.444 |
| Contoured EVA |
193.3 (56.9) |
−6%^ |
0.665 |
30.9 (7.7) |
0%^ |
1.000 |
18.5 (1.7) |
+1% |
0.252 |
| Flat EVA |
191.8 (58.2) |
−6%^ |
0.177 |
30.8 (6.9) |
0%^ |
1.000 |
18.5 (1.7) |
+1% |
0.533 |
|
Hallux | |||||||||
| |
Peak pressure (kPa) |
Maximum force (%BW) |
Contact area (cm2) |
||||||
|
Insert |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
| Shoe only (control) |
248.2 (58.9) |
n/a |
n/a |
29 .0(4.8) |
n/a |
n/a |
14.3 (1.2) |
n/a |
n/a |
| Customised foot orthosis |
258.6 (79.8) |
+4% |
1.000 |
29.2 (5.3) |
+1% |
1.000 |
14.1 (1.3) |
−1% |
1.000 |
| Contoured polyethylene |
256.3 (91.0) |
+3% |
1.000 |
28.2 (5.8) |
−3% |
1.000 |
14.2 (1.2) |
0% |
1.000 |
| Contoured EVA |
259.4 (96.5) |
+5% |
1.000 |
28.9 (5.5) |
0% |
1.000 |
14.2 (1.3) |
0% |
1.000 |
| Flat EVA | 260.0 (94.8) | +5% | 1.000 | 29.3 (5.4) | +1% | 1.000 | 14.3 (1.1) | 0% | 1.000 |
* Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the shoe only condition.
# Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the customised orthosis
† Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the flat EVA sham orthosis.
+ Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the contoured EVA sham orthosis.
^ Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the contoured polyethylene orthosis.