Table 7.
Mean values (SD) and percentage change for the medial and lateral midfoot at week 4 (N = 30)
|
Medial midfoot | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Peak pressure (kPa) |
Maximum force (%BW) |
Contact area (cm2) |
||||||
| Insert | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value |
| Shoe only (control) |
106.5 (30.9) |
n/a |
n/a |
8.2 (7.9)# |
n/a |
n/a |
14.4 (7.1) |
n/a |
n/a |
| Customised foot orthosis |
119.3 (32.1) |
+12%*†+^ |
0.040 |
14.9 (7.5)# |
+81%*†+^ |
<0.001 |
23.3 (3.9) |
+62%*†+^ |
<0.001 |
| Contoured polyethylene |
102.5 (30.7) |
−4%# |
1.000 |
9.0 (8.4)# |
+10%#†+ |
0.354 |
16.1 (7.5) |
+11%#†+ |
0.486 |
| Contoured EVA |
104.5 (29.0) |
−2%# |
1.000 |
12.3 (7.8)# |
+49%*#^ |
<0.001 |
20.6 (6.2) |
+43%*#^ |
<0.001 |
| Flat EVA |
106.5 (29.6) |
0%# |
1.000 |
12.2 (7.7)# |
+48%*#^ |
<0.001 |
20.5 (6.1) |
+42%*#^ |
<0.001 |
|
Lateral midfoot | |||||||||
| |
Peak pressure (kPa) |
Maximum force (%BW) |
Contact area (cm2) |
||||||
|
Insert |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
Mean (SD) |
% change |
p-value |
| Shoe only (control) |
125.6 (33.9) |
n/a |
n/a |
21.5 (5.4) |
n/a |
n/a |
23.5 (2.4) |
n/a |
n/a |
| Customised foot orthosis |
131.4 (30.3) |
+5%†+ |
1.000 |
25.4 (5.4) |
+18%*†+^ |
<0.001 |
24.1 (2.0) |
+3%^ |
0.131 |
| Contoured polyethylene |
125.4 (29.5) |
0% |
1.000 |
23.4 (5.4) |
+9%*# |
0.001 |
23.6 (2.3) |
+1%# |
1.000 |
| Contoured EVA |
119.2 (26.0) |
−5%# |
0.930 |
23.7 (4.7) |
+10%*# |
0.002 |
24.1 (2.2) |
+2% |
0.305 |
| Flat EVA | 120.6 (30.8) | −4%# | 0.909 | 24.1 (5.3) | +12%*# | <0.001 | 24.1 (2.2) | +3% | 0.216 |
# Data transformed prior to determining significance.
* Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the shoe only condition.
# Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the customised orthosis.
† Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the flat EVA sham orthosis.
+ Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the contoured EVA sham orthosis.
^ Mean difference significant at the 0.05 level (Bonferroni adjusted) compared to the contoured polyethylene orthosis.