Table 1.
Demographic, metabolic and HIV characteristics of the patients
| Variable | Cases | Controls | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients |
55 |
182 |
|
| Gender (male/female) (%) |
50/5 (91/9) |
167/15 (92/8) |
|
| Age at time of MI/index date median (IQR), years |
49 (42 – 57) |
50 (43 – 57) |
|
| Duration of HIV before MI/index date median (IQR), years |
10 (6 – 17) |
10 (7 – 16) |
0.71 |
| Mean duration of therapy before MI/index date median (IQR), years |
6 (3 – 8) |
6 (3 – 9) |
|
| Intervals between plasma samples |
|
|
|
| From sample 1 to initiation ART, median (IQR), days |
42 (24 – 76) |
49 (32 – 81) |
|
| From initiation of ART to sample 2 median (IQR), days |
99 (88 – 123) |
109 (87 – 142) |
|
| From sample 3 to MI/index date median (IQR), days |
334 (292 – 367) |
368 (334 – 408) |
|
| From sample 4 to MI/index date median (IQR), days |
52 (27 – 82) |
0 (0 – 0) |
|
| Smoking (never/ever) (%) |
2/53 (4/96) |
6/176 (3/97) |
|
| Blood pressure, systolic median (IQR) |
135 (120 – 149) n = 36 |
125 (115 – 140) n = 87 |
0.09 |
| CD4 cell count/mm3, median (IQR)¤ |
496 (290–688) n = 52 |
547 (307–800) n = 161 |
0.78 |
| HIV-RNA copies/mL, median (range)¤ |
39 (19–217200) |
39 (19–93900) |
0.08 |
| Number of patients with HIV-RNA < 400 copies/mL¤ |
44 (80%) |
146 (89%) |
0.12 |
| Creatinine μM, median (IQR)¤ |
81 (70–89) |
78 (70–88) |
0.38 |
| mg/dL, median (IQR) |
1.1 (0.9–1.2) n = 48 |
1.0 (0.9–1.2) n = 148 |
|
| Cholesterol mM, median (IQR)¤ |
6.3 (5.5–8.0) |
5.7 (5.0–6.7) |
0.38 |
| mg/dL, median (IQR) |
241 (214–309) n = 32 |
220 (193–255) n = 96 |
|
| Lipid-lowering treatment (%)# |
6 |
4 |
0.6 |
| Starting antihypertensive treatment (%)# |
13 |
4 |
0.07 |
| Starting anti-coagulative treatment (%)# |
4 |
3 |
0.67 |
| Co-infected with hepatitis B (%) (HbsAg positive) |
6 |
7 |
0.6 |
| Co-infected with hepatitis C (%) (HCV-Ab-positive) |
6 |
14 |
0.07 |
| Exposed to ART (%)# |
100 |
100 |
- |
| Exposed to NRTI (%)# |
100 |
99.5 |
0.76 |
| Exposed to abacavir (%)# |
56 |
39 |
0.007 |
| Exposed to NNRTI (%)# |
73 |
58 |
0.006 |
| Exposed to PI (%)# | 87 | 84 | 0.24 |
a univariate conditional logistic regression.
¤ plasma sample 4 (at time of MI/index date).
# within the study period.
Abbreviations: ART, Antiretroviral therapy; B-glucose, blood-glucose; HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus; MI, Myocardial infarction; NNRTI, Nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors; NRTI, Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors; PI, Protease inhibitors.