Table 5.
CAC* relative risk (RR) for pollutant IQR increases by analysis model and exposure estimation approach
| |
PM2.5* |
EC* |
OC* |
Silicon |
Sulfur |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |
| Model 1** |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nearest Monitor |
1.00 (0.99,1.01) |
0.96 (0.93,0.99) |
1.03 (0.96,1.09) |
0.84 (0.33,2.14) |
0.98 (0.91,1.07) |
| IDW |
0.99 (0.98,1.01) |
0.95 (0.91,0.99) |
0.98 (0.90,1.06) |
0.49 (0.16,1.53) |
0.98 (0.90,1.06) |
| City-Wide Average |
0.99 (0.98,1.00) |
0.94 (0.90,0.98) |
1.01 (0.09,1.55) |
0.37 (0.09,1.55) |
0.97 (0.89,1.05) |
| Model 2** |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nearest Monitor |
1.00 (0.99,1.01) |
0.97 (0.94,1.00) |
1.01 (0.95,1.07) |
0.92 (0.37,2.32) |
0.98 (0.90,1.06) |
| IDW |
1.00 (0.98,1.01) |
0.96 (0.92,1.00) |
0.96 (0.89,1.04) |
0.64 (0.21,1.96) |
0.97 (0.90,1.05) |
| City-Wide Average |
0.99 (0.98,1.01) |
0.95 (0.91,0.99) |
0.99 (0.91,1.08) |
0.51 (0.12,2.09) |
0.97 (0.89,1.05) |
| Model 3** |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nearest Monitor |
1.00 (0.99,1.01) |
0.97 (0.94,1.01) |
1.03 (0.97,1.09) |
1.02 (0.39,2.64) |
0.99 (0.91,1.07) |
| IDW |
1.00 (0.99,1.01) |
0.96 (0.92,1.00) |
0.99 (0.91,1.07) |
0.70 (0.22,2.22) |
0.98 (0.90,1.06) |
| City-Wide Average |
1.00 (0.98,1.01) |
0.96 (0.91,0.99) |
1.01 (0.93,1.10) |
0.57 (0.13,2.44) |
0.97 (0.90,1.06) |
| Model 4** |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nearest Monitor |
1.01 (0.98,1.05) |
1.04 (0.94,1.15) |
1.08 (0.91,1.28) |
*** |
1.35 (0.79,2.30) |
| IDW | 1.02 (0.97,1.09) | 1.11 (0.91,1.34) | *** | *** | 2.04 (0.62,6.66) |
*PM2.5, particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; EC, elemental carbon; OC, organic carbon; CAC, coronary artery calcification.
**Model 1: covariates include age, gender, race-ethnicity.
Model 2: Model 1 + total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, smoking status, hypertension, lipid-lowering medication.
Model 3: Model 2 + education, income, waist circumference, body surface area, BMI, BMI2, diabetes, LDL, triglycerides.
Model 4: Model 2 + metropolitan area.
***unstable estimate.