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. 2013 May 3;12:39. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-12-39

Table 6.

Percentage change in CAC* for pollutant IQR increases by analysis model and exposure estimation approach

 
PM2.5*
EC*
OC*
Silicon
Sulfur
  % Change (95% CI) % Change (95% CI) % Change (95% CI) % Change (95% CI) % Change (95% CI)
Model 1**
 
 
 
 
 
   Nearest Monitor
−1.52 (−3.31,0.26)
−1.65 (−3.54,0.24)
−0.59 (−3.14,1.96)
−3.96 (−8.62,0.70)
0.61 (−1.67,2.89)
   IDW
−1.00 (−2.21,0.21)
−1.26 (−2.76,0.24)
−0.61 (−2.29,1.08)
−3.14 (−6.09,-0.19)
0.70 (−1.68,3.08)
   City-Wide Average
−0.85 (−2.02,0.32)
−1.11 (−2.52,0.30)
0.19 (−1.32,1.70)
−3.41 (−6.36,-0.45)
0.66 (−1.76,3.07)
Model 2**
 
 
 
 
 
   Nearest Monitor
−1.56 (−3.34,0.21)
−1.61 (−3.49,0.27)
−0.98 (−3.52,1.57)
−3.08 (−7.73,1.58)
0.05 (−2.22,2.33)
   IDW
−1.03 (−2.23,0.17)
−1.22 (−2.71,0.28)
−0.86 (−2.54,0.83)
−2.52 (−5.47,0.43)
0.12 (−2.25,2.50)
   City-Wide Average
−0.63 (−1.84,0.58)
−0.83 (−2.28,0.63)
0.13 (−1.44,1.70)
−3.66 (−6.71,-0.61)
1.13 (−1.34,3.60)
Model 3**
 
 
 
 
 
   Nearest Monitor
−1.37 (−3.22,0.48)
−1.43 (−3.37,0.52)
−0.86 (−3.51,1.78)
−3.35 (−8.18,1.47)
0.58 (−1.76,2.92)
   IDW
−0.89 (−2.14,0.37)
−1.06 (−2.61,0.49)
−0.90 (−2.67,0.86)
−3.07 (−6.13,0.00)
0.67 (−1.77,3.12
   City-Wide Average
−0.72 (−1.94,0.49)
−0.90 (−2.36,0.57)
−0.05 (−1.63,1.53)
−3.21 (−6.27,-0.14)
0.64 (−1.85,3.12)
Model 4**
 
 
 
 
 
   Nearest Monitor
−3.10 (−8.08,1.89)
−3.40 (−8.76,1.97)
−1.05 (−8.03,5.93)
4.13 (−5.43,13.68)
−2.32 (−16.91,12.27)
   IDW −3.78 (−8.75,1.19) −5.42 (−12.52,1.69) *** 3.24 (−8.59,15.07) 8.51 (−24.75,41.77)

*PM2.5, particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; EC, elemental carbon; OC, organic carbon; CAC, coronary artery calcification.

**Model 1: covariates include age, gender, race-ethnicity.

Model 2: Model 1 + total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, smoking status, hypertension, lipid-lowering medication.

Model 3: Model 2 + education, income, waist circumference, body surface area, BMI, BMI2, diabetes, LDL, triglycerides.

Model 4: Model 2 + metropolitan area.

***unstable estimate.