Table 6.
Percentage change in CAC* for pollutant IQR increases by analysis model and exposure estimation approach
| |
PM2.5* |
EC* |
OC* |
Silicon |
Sulfur |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Change (95% CI) | % Change (95% CI) | % Change (95% CI) | % Change (95% CI) | % Change (95% CI) | |
| Model 1** |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nearest Monitor |
−1.52 (−3.31,0.26) |
−1.65 (−3.54,0.24) |
−0.59 (−3.14,1.96) |
−3.96 (−8.62,0.70) |
0.61 (−1.67,2.89) |
| IDW |
−1.00 (−2.21,0.21) |
−1.26 (−2.76,0.24) |
−0.61 (−2.29,1.08) |
−3.14 (−6.09,-0.19) |
0.70 (−1.68,3.08) |
| City-Wide Average |
−0.85 (−2.02,0.32) |
−1.11 (−2.52,0.30) |
0.19 (−1.32,1.70) |
−3.41 (−6.36,-0.45) |
0.66 (−1.76,3.07) |
| Model 2** |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nearest Monitor |
−1.56 (−3.34,0.21) |
−1.61 (−3.49,0.27) |
−0.98 (−3.52,1.57) |
−3.08 (−7.73,1.58) |
0.05 (−2.22,2.33) |
| IDW |
−1.03 (−2.23,0.17) |
−1.22 (−2.71,0.28) |
−0.86 (−2.54,0.83) |
−2.52 (−5.47,0.43) |
0.12 (−2.25,2.50) |
| City-Wide Average |
−0.63 (−1.84,0.58) |
−0.83 (−2.28,0.63) |
0.13 (−1.44,1.70) |
−3.66 (−6.71,-0.61) |
1.13 (−1.34,3.60) |
| Model 3** |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nearest Monitor |
−1.37 (−3.22,0.48) |
−1.43 (−3.37,0.52) |
−0.86 (−3.51,1.78) |
−3.35 (−8.18,1.47) |
0.58 (−1.76,2.92) |
| IDW |
−0.89 (−2.14,0.37) |
−1.06 (−2.61,0.49) |
−0.90 (−2.67,0.86) |
−3.07 (−6.13,0.00) |
0.67 (−1.77,3.12 |
| City-Wide Average |
−0.72 (−1.94,0.49) |
−0.90 (−2.36,0.57) |
−0.05 (−1.63,1.53) |
−3.21 (−6.27,-0.14) |
0.64 (−1.85,3.12) |
| Model 4** |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nearest Monitor |
−3.10 (−8.08,1.89) |
−3.40 (−8.76,1.97) |
−1.05 (−8.03,5.93) |
4.13 (−5.43,13.68) |
−2.32 (−16.91,12.27) |
| IDW | −3.78 (−8.75,1.19) | −5.42 (−12.52,1.69) | *** | 3.24 (−8.59,15.07) | 8.51 (−24.75,41.77) |
*PM2.5, particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; EC, elemental carbon; OC, organic carbon; CAC, coronary artery calcification.
**Model 1: covariates include age, gender, race-ethnicity.
Model 2: Model 1 + total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, smoking status, hypertension, lipid-lowering medication.
Model 3: Model 2 + education, income, waist circumference, body surface area, BMI, BMI2, diabetes, LDL, triglycerides.
Model 4: Model 2 + metropolitan area.
***unstable estimate.