Table 1.
Anti-inflammatory effects of CB2 activation on immune and neuroimmune cells
| Cell type | Effect of CB2 activation | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Immune cells | ||
| Macrophages | diminished release of NO, IL-12p40 and TNFα | (Chuchawankul et al., 2004) |
| Macrophages | prevented ROS production and secretion of TNFα and CCL2 | (Han et al., 2009) |
| B and T cells | affected B and T cell differentiation, and the balance of pro-inflammatory to anti- inflammatory cytokines | (Ziring et al., 2006) |
| Macrophages | increased secretion of the anti- inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 | (Correa et al., 2009) |
| Macrophages (Kupffer cells) | inhibited LPS-induced NF-kB activation | (Louvet et al., 2011) |
| Neuroimmune | ||
| Microglia | diminished levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα | (Puffenbarger et al., 2000) |
| Microglia | inhibited release of TNFα | (Facchinetti 2003; Ramirez et al., 2005) et al., |
| Microglia | diminished expression of CD40 | (Engelhardt and Ransohoff, 2005) |
| Glia | enhanced release of the anti-inflammatory factors, IL-4 and IL-10 | (Molina-Holgado et al., 1998) |
| Microglia | inhibited TNFα production, p38 MAPK activation and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation | (El-Remessy et al., 2008) |
| Microglia | interfered with expression of CCR2 and iNOS | (Racz et al., 2008) |
| Microglia | inhibited migration of microglial cells to HIV Tat protein | (Fraga et al., 2011) |