Table 2.
Prevalence of self-reported health status, health conditions, ADL, obese, smoking, and drinking, males (%)
| Mexican immigrants in the U.S. born in Mexico (Immigrants) | Return Mexican migrants in Mexico (Return migrants) | Mexicans without a history of migration to the U.S. (Non-migrants) | Non-Hispanic whites | Difference between non-Hispanic whites and immigrants | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50–59 years old
| |||||
| Self-reported health (%) | |||||
| Excellent or Very good or Good | 57.42 | 43.54 | 46.30 | 82.05 | 24.63*** |
| Fair or Poor | 42.58 | 56.46 | 53.70 | 17.95 | −24.63*** |
| Health Conditions (%) | |||||
| 0 | 59.16 | 55.40 | 54.46 | 43.73 | −15.43** |
| 1 | 29.78 | 27.71 | 29.89 | 33.60 | 3.82 |
| 2 or more | 11.06 | 16.88 | 15.65 | 22.68 | 11.62*** |
| Diabetes (%) | 15.65 | 11.55 | 13.00 | 10.95 | −4.70 |
| Hypertension (%) | 23.70 | 25.88 | 31.17 | 37.26 | 13.56*** |
| Lung diseases (%) | 0.00 | 7.22 | 5.42 | 4.51 | 4.51*** |
| Stroke (%) | 1.21 | 0.97 | 1.62 | 2.67 | 1.46 |
| Arthritis (%) | 11.33 | 20.94 | 15.34 | 30.96 | 19.63*** |
| ADL (%) | |||||
| None | 92.39 | 95.15 | 95.67 | 92.55 | 0.16 |
| Difficulty with at least one | 7.61 | 4.85 | 4.33 | 7.45 | −0.16 |
| Obese (%) | 32.35 | 17.96 | 20.09 | 30.14 | −2.21 |
| Smoking (%) | 20.67 | 41.65 | 28.88 | 22.55 | 1.88 |
| Heavy drinking (%) | 22.01 | 21.85 | 21.85 | 22.03 | 0.02 |
| Number of observations (weighted) | 428, 659 | 268,904 | 1,873,939 | 12,457,146 | |
| 60–69 years old
| |||||
| Self-reported health (%) | |||||
| Excellent or Very good or Good | 32.87 | 39.07 | 33.91 | 78.84 | 45.97*** |
| Fair or Poor | 67.13 | 60.93 | 66.09 | 21.16 | −45.97*** |
| Health Conditions (%) | |||||
| 0 | 36.27 | 40.40 | 45.55 | 22.97 | −13.3* |
| 1 | 26.69 | 33.04 | 33.58 | 36.91 | 10.22* |
| 2 or more | 37.04 | 26.56 | 20.87 | 40.12 | 3.08 |
| Diabetes (%) | 33.68 | 14.70 | 16.40 | 17.38 | −16.3** |
| Hypertension (%) | 39.35 | 41.95 | 33.47 | 49.65 | 10.3 |
| Lung diseases (%) | 1.72 | 9.58 | 5.96 | 8.61 | 6.89*** |
| Stroke (%) | 3.76 | 2.65 | 2.29 | 5.89 | 2.13 |
| Arthritis (%) | 35.49 | 26.12 | 22.60 | 51.05 | 15.56** |
| ADL (%) | |||||
| None | 86.54 | 88.57 | 94.23 | 90.85 | 4.31 |
| Difficulty with at least one | 13.46 | 11.43 | 5.77 | 9.15 | −4.31 |
| Obese (%) | 39.26 | 21.74 | 20.19 | 30.13 | −9.13 |
| Smoking (%) | 20.08 | 30.11 | 20.81 | 17.08 | −3.00 |
| Heavy drinking (%) | 13.49 | 12.62 | 16.41 | 14.39 | 0.90 |
| Number of observations (weighted) | 180,740 | 410,584 | 1,895,241 | 8,948,770 | |
| 70 years old or above
| |||||
| Self-reported health (%) | |||||
| Excellent or Very good or Good | 37.76 | 29.46 | 23.56 | 69.53 | 31.77*** |
| Fair or Poor | 62.24 | 70.54 | 76.44 | 30.47 | −31.77*** |
| Health Conditions (%) | |||||
| 0 | 34.26 | 35.79 | 29.28 | 15.22 | −19.04*** |
| 1 | 24.43 | 34.27 | 43.64 | 33.17 | 8.74 |
| 2 or more | 41.31 | 29.94 | 27.08 | 51.62 | 10.31 |
| Diabetes (%) | 24.75 | 13.79 | 18.92 | 20.20 | −4.55 |
| Hypertension (%) | 51.77 | 42.30 | 42.11 | 55.76 | 3.99 |
| Lung diseases (%) | 4.27 | 11.43 | 9.64 | 12.49 | 8.22*** |
| Stroke (%) | 7.73 | 3.56 | 5.09 | 12.49 | 4.76 |
| Arthritis (%) | 36.17 | 33.04 | 28.94 | 59.87 | 23.7*** |
| ADL (%) | |||||
| None | 72.48 | 83.23 | 84.75 | 81.35 | 8.87 |
| Difficulty with at least one | 27.52 | 16.77 | 15.25 | 18.65 | −8.87 |
| Obese (%) | 20.53 | 12.43 | 11.02 | 17.27 | −3.26 |
| Smoking (%) | 3.19 | 23.39 | 16.07 | 7.15 | 3.96** |
| Heavy drinking (%) | 9.03 | 9.39 | 10.00 | 7.76 | −1.27 |
| Number of observations (weighted) | 142,345 | 426,132 | 1,509,533 | 9,164,183 | |
Note: Estimates are weighted.
*
p<0.1,
**
p<.05,
***
p<0.01.
Source: Author’s calculation using the 2003 Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and the 2004 Health and Retirement Study (HRS).