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. 2012 Sep 30;52(4):1381–1391. doi: 10.1007/s00394-012-0447-9

Table 2.

Lutein and zeaxanthin bioavailability measured by the response of plasma concentrations over 72 h after a single dose of AMB or SMB

AMB (n = 47) p valuea SMB (n = 48) p valuea p valueb
Total lutein
 Dose (mg) 20.9 20.4
 C max (μmol/L)c 0.238 ± 0.091 <0.001 0.460 ± 0.169 <0.001 <0.001
 C max (increase from t = 0 h) (μmol/L) 0.055 ± 0.054 <0.001 0.279 ± 0.130 <0.001 <0.001
 T max (h) 20.6 ± 22.5 <0.001 17.6 ± 7.8 <0.001 0.432
 C 14h (increase from t = 0 h) (μmol/L) 0.013 ± 0.046 0.059 0.228 ± 0.154 <0.001 <0.001
 AUC(0–72h) (μmol h/L)c 13.032 ± 4.847 <0.001 23.508 ± 8.539 <0.001 <0.001
all-E-lutein
 C max (μmol/L)c 0.200 ± 0.077 <0.001 0.416 ± 0.157 <0.001 <0.001
 C max (increase from t = 0 h) (μmol/L) 0.046 ± 0.047 <0.001 0.264 ± 0.124 <0.001 <0.001
 T max (h) 19.8 ± 21.1 <0.001 17.4 ± 7.5 <0.001 0.498
 C 14h (increase from t = 0 h) (μmol/L) 0.011 ± 0.039 0.056 0.219 ± 0.143 <0.001 <0.001
 AUC(0–72h) (μmol h/L)c 10.965 ± 4.040 <0.001 20.801 ± 7.874 <0.001 <0.001
Total zeaxanthin
 Dose (mg) 1.55 1.75
 C max (μmol/L)c, d 0.077 ± 0.032 <0.001 0.083 ± 0.038 <0.001 0.164
 C max (increase from t = 0 h)(μmol/L)d 0.018 ± 0.017 <0.001 0.028 ± 0.021 <0.001 0.009
 T max (h) 17.5 ± 20.9 <0.001 19.4 ± 12.1 <0.001 0.595
 C 14h (increase from t = 0 h) (μmol/L)d 0.003 ± 0.014 0.225 0.008 ± 0.026 0.046 0.315
 AUC(0–72h) (μmol h/L)c, d 4.110 ± 1.785 <0.001 4.414 ± 2.321 <0.001 0.175
all-E-zeaxanthin
 C max (μmol/L)c, d 0.060 ± 0.024 <0.001 0.067 ± 0.031 <0.001 0.032
 C max (increase from t = 0 h) (μmol/L)d 0.013 ± 0.012 <0.001 0.023 ± 0.015 <0.001 <0.001
 T max (h) 19.4 ± 21.0 <0.001 20.4 ± 12.1 <0.001 0.757
 C 14h (increase from t = 0 h) (μmol/L)d 0.003 ± 0.010 0.057 0.008 ± 0.019 0.006 0.135
 AUC(0–72h) (μmol h/L)c, d 3.253 ± 1.337 <0.001 3.569 ± 1.903 <0.001 0.082

All values are expressed as mean with standard deviation

aWithin group comparisons for the difference from zero were made using t tests. Probability values p < 0.05 are statistically significant

bBetween group comparisons were made using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Probability values p < 0.05 are statistically significant

cData were log transformed prior to statistical comparisons

dZeaxanthin values for SMB were adjusted (multiplied by the factor (1.55/1.75)) to correct for the difference in dose of zeaxanthin between the two study products